The Circulatory System Flashcards
How do white blood cells help defend against pathogens?
By consuming the pathogen, produce antitoxins or antibodies, they have a nucleus
What do platelets do?
Blood clotting at site of wounds, cell fragments
What does plasma do?
Carries:
Urea
Blood cells
Hormones
Co2
Amino acids
Glucose
Pale, straw coloured
What shape to red blood cells have
Biconcave shape
What happens when haemoglobin and oxygen meet
They form oxyhaemoglobin which when travelling finds cells that have a lack of oxygen the oxyhaemoglobin divides in haemoglobin and oxygen which diffuses in the cell
What is in the upper side and lower side of each part of the heat (left and right)
Atrium=upper
Ventricle=lower
What do veins do?
Bring blood into the heart from the right atrium and the vein it goes through is the vena cava which bring deoxygenated blood,
How does the vein move from the right atrium to the Ventricle?
A valve to prevent it from flowing in the opposite direction
What happens when the blood reaches the Ventricle?
The right Ventricle has a little squeeze controlled by the heart which pushes the blood up and out the right side of the heart
What do artery do?
Bring blood away from the heart, the artery is goes through is the capillary vessel from the alveoli to the pulmonary artery in the heart, the blood is oxygenated
What happens when the left atrium is full of oxygenated blood and why is the muscular wall of the left Ventricle much thicker?
The blood squeezes and goes to the left Ventricle, because the left side of the heart needs more power to deliver the blood all the way to all your body parts
What happens when the left Ventricle is full of oxygenated blood?
The heart squeezes again and the blood is pushed away from the heart into the biggest artery called aorta
Where does the biggest artery bring oxygenated blood to?
Oxygenated blood is pumped all the way to all parts of the body, the oxygen is delivered to the cells through the capillary you find them embedded through collections of cells and this site is called capillary bed
What happens once the oxygenated blood arrives at the capillary bed?
The blood has given up its oxygen and waste materials like co2 and is on route back to the heart by the vena cava through the right atrium and the cycle restarts
Which blood vessels have lumen and elastic fibres and smooth muscle and which is bigger and why?
Arteries=bigger and narrow lumen to keep the pressure high to get blood everywhere in the body and bigger elastic fibres and smooth muscle to withstand that pressure
Veins=elastic and muscle is much thinner and lumen is wider because they don’t have as much high pressure
Capillaries=no lumen no elastic fibres and muscle and 1 cell thick walls for optimised oxygen exchange
