Immunity And Vaccination

Question 1

How do WBC recognise and kill a pathogen?

Answer 1

1) it searches for the protein on the surface of each cell called antigen

2) a pathogen would have different proteins in the surface making the WBC alert

3) they engulf that pathogen

4) power digestive enzymes released in the area where the pathogen is inside the WBC

5) the pathogen is broken down and made harmless

Question 2

What can pathogens release?

Answer 2

Toxines

Question 3

How do antibodies help kill pathogens

Answer 3

Once the WBC has engulfed and killed the pathogen it creates antibodies for that specific pathogens

1) the antibody perfectly fits to other proteins of the cells of the same pathogen

2) this can cause them to be clumped together

3) this makes it easier for a WBC to engulf them all together

4) The WBC remembers the pathogen

5) next time you receive the same pathogens it will be counteracted quicker making you immune

Question 4

What are antigens?

Answer 4

Unique proteins on the surface of cells

Question 5

What are antibodies?

Answer 5

Proteins that bind to antigens to damage pathogens or clump then together

Question 6

What are antitoxins?

Answer 6

Counteract/cancel out the toxins released by pathogens

Question 7

What is herd immunity?

Answer 7

Protection from infectious disease that occurs when a sufficient fraction of a population has become immune