Enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts, proteins
What are catalysts
Speed up reactions without being used up themselves
What is the enzyme opening called?
Active site
What enters the enzyme
Substrate
What is the name of the material obtained after the enzymes break down the substrate?
Products
What happens when enzymes do their work?
They speed up reactions by building larger molecules from smaller molecules or viceversa or it turns one substrate into another
Why is rate of reaction slow at low temperatures?
Because enzymes and substrates have low kinetic energy, causing fewer effective collisions
What happens when temperature is too high?
Bonds in amino acids break, enzymes are denatured
What does denatured mean?
The active site has changed shape
What are factors that affect enzymes controlled reactions?
PH and temperature
From where to where does the PH scale go?
1 to 14
Where do enzymes prefer acidic PH and what is the optimum?
Stomach, PH 3
Where are enzymes that prefer alkali PH and optimum?
Small intestine, 7.5
What is needed for the practical?
Water bath at 37 degrees, 5ml of amylase, a known PH buffer and starch and iodine into each well of a spotting tile
What is the dependent variable
Time taken for the iodine to stop turning blue/black
