The central nervous system 2

Question 1

soma

Answer 1

cell body of a neurone where information is processed
the metabolic centre in which DNA is stored

Question 2

dendrite

Answer 2

branch like fibres that extend out from a neurone to receive information from others

Question 3

axon

Answer 3

tail like part that serves as a transmitter
information travels down the axon

Question 4

terminal button

Answer 4

release neurotransmitters into the synapse

Question 5

synapse

Answer 5

tiny gaps between the terminal buttons of one neurone and the dendrites of the next

Question 6

glial cells

Answer 6

support cells
can help transfer neurones, absorb and transport chemicals etc

Question 7

myelination

Answer 7

axons insulated with a myeline sheath
helps to transmit electricity

Question 8

action potential

Answer 8

electrical impulses that transmit information along the axon

Question 9

hyperpolarisation

Answer 9

an increase in the membrane potential of a cell relative to the normal resting potential

Question 10

depolarisation

Answer 10

reduction of the membrane potential of a cell from its normal resting potential

Question 11

neurotransmitter

Answer 11

a chemical that is released by terminal buttons
has a excitatory or inhibitory effect on other neuron

Question 12

peripheral nervous system

Answer 12

a part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 13

somatic

Answer 13

responsible muscle control - motor cortex - both voluntary and involuntary
a conscious action

Question 14

autonomic

Answer 14

regulates our internal environment
not consciously directed

Question 15

sympathetic

Answer 15

fight or flight
speeds the processes up

Question 16

parasympathetic

Answer 16

rest and digest
slows the processes down

Question 17

neuron

Answer 17

send messages all over your body
bring information to and from the brain

Question 18

sensory neuron

Answer 18

brings information to the central nervous system

Question 19

relay neuron

Answer 19

connects the sensory and motor neurons

Question 20

motor neuron

Answer 20

sends signals from the brain and the spinal cord to the muscles

Question 21

multiple sclerosis

Answer 21

degeneration to the myelin sheath
leads to symptoms such as muscle weakness, depression etc as electrical impulses can’t be carried as quickly so less neurotransmitters transported

Question 22

excitatory neurotransmitters

Answer 22

increase the likelihood the next neurone will fire a signal

Question 23

inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 23

decrease the likelihood the next neurone will fire a signal

Question 24

dopamine

Answer 24

smooth/controlled movements, attention, memory and pleasure

Question 25

serotonin

Answer 25

regulation of sleep, dreaming and mood, arousal, depression and anxiety