sleeping p2 Flashcards
neural replay
fast replays of waking life experiences found during slow wave sleep
2 memory stores
one learns at a fast rate
the other at a slower rate - LTM
fast memories transferred to slow memories by associations made during sleep
hippocampus to cortex
repeated reactivation
new memories will be related to older memories
the fast learning store is a internal trainer to the slow learning store to adapt new memories into LTM
why does it happen in sleep
prevents interference with consolidation process
during sleep no encoding takes place
system consolidation
redistribution of representations between different neural systems
reactivating memories experimentally
using incidental cues, present at learning and again during sleep
sleep deprivation
severe sleep deprivation hurts aspects of functioning, increases stress, increase cortisol hormones
linked to type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancer
complex tasks are least effected
long morning tasks most effected
activation synthesis hypothesis
- dreams are the brain’s attempt to make sense of random patterns of neutral
activity generated during sleep - explains physiological basis for bizarre dream imagery
virtual reality problem solving
practise responses to threats from the environment
reflecting on memory consolidation
dreams related to memory consolidation, possibly for emotional and social memory
epiphenomenal view
dreams have no function and no adaptive effects
Wamsley 2020
leaning experiences during NREM sleep is associated with improved performance on spatial memory task
however
they may have dreamt to the task as they did badly on it to begin with
brain activity
hot zone in the posterior part of the brain that changes the activity.
this zone can predict dreams or no dreams on awakening
NEXTUP theory
in our dreams we explore recent experinces in waking life, this is a part of producing wonder connections as part os memory consolidation
social bonding effects
when we wake from a dream, we then share the dream - empathy effect
there dreaming may be evolutionary
human self domestication
people/genes are selected to be low in emotions reactivity, empathy and being pro social
once language deployed, sharing dreams helped to develop HSD
insomnia
difficulty getting to/staying asleep for atleast 1 month
caused by stress, drugs, depression etc
hypersomnia
excessive sleeping
caused by genetics or infection
apnoea
stopping breathing during sleep
physical reasons or signals not sent to the brain
narcolepsy
sudden extreme sleepiness
REM sleep
may be due to deficiencies or genetics
nightmares
frightening and anxiety inducing dreams
night terrors
sleeper awakens during an extreme state of panic
hallucinations may be present
sleepwalking
sleeper rises during Non-REM and wanders around
ultradian rhythms
biological rhythms less than 24 hours
sleep cycle - 90 mins
circadian rhythms
biological rhythms lasting 24 hours
sleep wake cycle
endogenous pacemakers
internal
in the superchiasmatic nucleus
located above hypothalamus
lies above optic chiasm
receives info from eyes and rhythm is set by the amount to light exerting the eye
SCN
master clock
melatonin
produced by pineal gland
controls sleep wake cycle
secrets during darkness - signals night time
leads to drowsiness and a decrease in body temp
cortisol
increases under stress, and near the end of each night
increase may be related to memory consolidation
exogenous Zeitgeber
external
resets the biological clock
bright light, exercise or temperature
melatonin secretion under dim light
can be used to asses circadian pacemaker
can determine if a individual is synchronised to the 24 hour light/dark cycle or free running states
