Genes and the environment 1 Flashcards
nucleus
an identifiable group of neural cell bodies in the central nervous system
chromosome
a stand of DNA, with associated proteins, found in the nucleus and carries genetic information
gene
the functional unit of the chromosome, which directs synthesis of one or more protein
DNA
a long, complex macromolecule consisting of two interconnected helical strands, along with associated proteins
mRNA
a macromolecule that delivers genetic information concerning the synthesis of a protein from a portion of a chromosome to a ribosome
ribosome
a cytoplasmic structure, made of protein, that serves as the site of production of proteins translated from MRNA
codon
a sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA/RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid
amino acid
molecules that combine to form a protein
protein
chains of amino acid
SNP
the most common genetic variation among people
substitution of a single nucleotide at a specific position in the DNA sequence
deletion
a segment of a chromosome is removed
inversion
a segment of a chromosome is removed and then reinserted opposite to its original orientation
duplication
a segment if a chromosome is copied and inserted into the homologous chromosome
translocation
segments of two non homologous chromosomes swap locations with each other
inheritance
a trait or variant encoded in DNA and passed from parent to offspring during reproduction
dominant
an allele that always produces a certain phenotype in a organism
recessive
an allele that will produce a certain phenotype if two are present
homozygous
alleles are the same
heterozygous
alleles are different
hemizygous
only one allele
x/y linked
characteristics that are influenced by genes carried on the sex chromosomes
