sleeping p1 Flashcards
EEG
recording brainwave activity during sleep to assess various sleep stages, detect sleep disorder and understand neurological health
electrodes are placed on the scalp to monitor the brains electrical activity
delta waves
slow waves characteristic of deep, non-REM sleep N3
theta waves
associated with light sleep N1 and N2
alpha waves
present when a person is relaxed but awake, decreases as sleep begins
beta waves
associated with active, alert thinking, usually present when a person is awake
sleep spindles and K-complexes
specific patterns found during non-REM that are involved in sleep maintenance and processing
muscle tone
studied using electromyogram
records the electrical signals from the muscle
muscle tone decreases in light sleep but still active enough to respond to stimuli this continues to decrease until REM where there is a loss of voluntary muscle tone
eye movement
studied using electro-oculogram
small discs are placed near the eye
light sleep there are slow rolling eye movements and we progress into sleep these become less frequent
in deep sleep there is little to no eye movement present
when REM is reached there’s rapid eye movement beneath closed eyelids
stage 1
light sleep
duration 5-10 mins
initial relaxation and lowering of psychological activity
brain begins to disconnect from external environment
stage 2
light sleep
duration 20-25 mins
consolidation of memories and information processing from the day
body temperature begins to lower
stage 3
deep sleep
duration 20-40 mis
physical restoration and recovery, helps with repair and growth of tissues, strengthens immune system and relaxes hormones
REM sleep
around 20-25% of total sleep
important for memory consolation, learning and emotional regulation
essential for dreaming
and crucial for brain development
REM EEG
resembles waking state, irregular
low aptitudes and high frequency
stages of sleep
natural progression through the different stages of sleep, which repeat several times throughout the night. Each sleep cycle typically lasts about 90 minutes, and you go through 4-6 cycles during a typical night of sleep.
first night effects
less REM sleep
more wakeful periods
longer time to fall asleep
sleep state misperception
a condition in which individuals believe that they are not sleeping, despite evidence showing that they actually are
they report not sleeping at all or not very well even though they may be going through the normal stages of sleep
hypothalamus
helps to control the circadian rhythm and interact with other brain regions
- signals release of melatonin
- influences the arousal system
- maintains the sleep-wake balance
- regulates temperature
brain stem
transitions between different stages of sleep
why do we sleep
physical restoration
immune system function
cellular repair
memory processing
synaptic plasticity
learning efficiency
emotional processing
large amount of REM
for mammals born immature, lengthy development is needed
walker and stickgold 2004
subjects taught sequence of skilled finger movements, similar to playing a piano
after 12 hours either of sleep or wake, subjects were tested on their ability to recall the finger movements
no improvements if no sleep but with sleep improvements seen
lee and Wilson 2002
cells that firing during learning will fire agin during slow wave sleep
declarative memories - facts and events
rijn et al 2017
REM plays a role in procedural memory - skills and motor tasks, emotional precessing and abstract memories
slow wave sleep important for declarative memories, transfer of memories from hippocampus to neocortex
