language Flashcards
language
the method of human communication, either spoken, written or hand movement, consisting go the use of words in a structured and conventional way
visual modality
seeing words
visual word form area
part of the left fusiform gyrus and surrounding cortex
Wandell 2011
circuitry for seeing the statistical regularities of word forms develops within the ventral occipitotemporal cortex
auditory modality
hearing words
primary auditory cortex
superior temporal sulcus activated significantly more during human speech than other sounds
phonology
sounds
morphology
forms of words
semantics
meaning
syntax
grammer
pragmatics
social use of speech
wernikes area
in the left hemisphere in around 95% of right handed individuals and 60% of left handed individuals
speech production
pars opercularis and pars triangular of the inferior frontal gyrus
production and articulation of language
control of spoken/written/sign language production
primary motor cortex controls the physical movements of the mouth
wernikes-geschwinds model
based on language having two functions
comprehension a sensory/perceptual function
and speaking which is a motor function
brocas aphasia
deficit in speech production but motor function intact
wernickes aphasia
deficit in semantic processing, word salad output
conduction aphasia
no information from Broca or wernikes area
transcortical motor aphasia
non fluent speech but good comprehension
transcortical sensory aphasia
fluent speech but poor comprehension
dyslexia
difficulty with phonological processing, spelling and/or rapid visual-verbal responding
suface dyslexia
difficulty reading words with irregular pronunciations and difficutly with homophones
semantic dyslexia
difficulty attaching words to their meaning
phonological dyslexia
difficulty reading unfamiliar words and non words
deep dyselxia
semiotic reading errors and impairments of nonword reading
could be linked to left hemisphere damage
pure dyslexia
pure word blindness, not affecting speech
difficulty recognising written sequences of letter
can be caused by left occipital lobe damage
neglect dyslexia
letters on the left are skipped or misread
after right parietal lesions
attentional dyslexia
letter crowding, blending and migration
hemianopic dyslexia
visual field loss
abnormally slow reading but individual words can be read
after a stroke damage to occipital cortex
dual route theory
lexical route - skilled readers recognise known words by sight alone through a dictionary lookup procedure
non lexical route - reader sounds out written words
different lesions can cause different types of dyselxia
British sign language
semantics - defined by hand shape at a particular position
syntax - defined by position of hands in space or hand movement
anterior brain lesions - lack of fluency, interrupted signalling, semantically correct but agrammatical
prosterior brain lesions - fluent signing but unintelligible
