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Anatomy And Physiology For Respiratory Care > The Central Nervous System > Flashcards

The Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

How are the brains ventricles connected?

A

The lateral ventricles, located in the cerebrum and separated by the septum pellucidum, are connected to the third ventricle by the interventricular foramina. The third and fourth ventricles connected by the cerebral aqueduct.

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2
Q

What is the role of the Gyri?

A

Increase the surface area of the brain.

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3
Q

What are Sulci and Fissures?

A

Sulci are a shallow depression while fissures are deep depressions in the surface of the brain.

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4
Q

What are the Four lobes of the brain?

A

The Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal.

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5
Q

What is the Somestheic Motor Cortex?

A

Located on either side of the central sulcus, it consists of the Primary Motor Cortex localed on the precentral gyrus and the Somato-sensory cortex located on the postcentral gyrus. The number of receptors in the cortex is not proportional to the size of the body part.

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6
Q

What is the general name of a brain area that is involved in the conscious awareness of sensation?

A

Sensory Area

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7
Q

What Lobe contains the visual association area?

A

Occipital Lobe

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8
Q

What is a general area when we analyze, recognize, and act on sensory inputs based on past experiences?

A

Association Areas

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9
Q

What is Broca’s Area involved with?

A

Motor Speech

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10
Q

What is associated with the Prefrontal Cortex?

A

Cognition, Recall, and Personality.

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11
Q

What are the fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain called?

A

Commissural Fibers

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12
Q

What are the fibers called that connect parts in the same hemisphere called?

A

Association Fibers

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13
Q

What fibers connect the cortex to the rest of the Central Nervous system?

A

Projection Fibers

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14
Q

What is the function of the largest part of the diencephalon?

A

The role of the thalmus is to be a filter for the brain. It decides if a stimulus is important enough to pass to the cerebrum as it is impossible for the brain to respond to every stimulus.

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15
Q

What is the role of Mammillary Bodies?

A

Recollective Memory

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16
Q

What is the role of the Infundibulum?

A

To connect the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.

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17
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A

Not only does it serve as a link between the endocrine and nervous system, but it is home to many essential centers such as thirst, body temperature, and hunger. Additionally, it also takes in sensory information to determine mood.

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18
Q

What gland determines the onset of puberty?

A

The Pineal Gland

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19
Q

What type of neurons make up the Cerebral Cortex?

A

Interneurons

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20
Q

What is an Interneuron?

A

Also known as association neurons, those neurons link sensory and motor neurons.

21
Q

what is the role of the Premotor Cortex?

A

Planning movements

22
Q

What is the role of Wernicke’s Area?

A

Involved in the sounding out of unfamiliar words and understanding language.

23
Q

What is the result of damage to the visual association area?

A

You will be able to see but not understand what you are looking at

24
Q

What is the result of damage to the primary visual cortex?

A

Functional blindness

25
Q

What brain structure produces cerebral spinal fluid?

A

Choroid Plexus

26
Q

What is the role of the Cerebral Peduncles?

A

They contain fiber tracts that connect the forebrain to the brainstem. Additionally, they help refine motor skills, learn new motor skills, and convert proprioceptive information to balance and posture.

27
Q

What is the role of the Corpora Quadrigemina?

A

Reflex centers for visual and auditory stimuli.

28
Q

What is the role of the Corpora Quadrigemina?

A

Reflex centers for visual and auditory stimuli.

29
Q

What is the role of the Superior and Inferior Collicali?

A

Vision and hearing.

30
Q

What brain structure produces dopamine?

A

Substantia Nigra.

31
Q

What is the general functions of the Pons?

A

Conduction tracts between higher brain centers and the spiral cord and from the motor cortex to the cerebellum. The pons also contains respiratory centors and helps to regulate sleep.

32
Q

What roles are associated with the Medulla Oblongata?

A

Important physiological centers are located here, including regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, vascular tone, swallowing, and digestion.

33
Q

What is the Decussation of the Pyramids, and where is it located?

A

This is the crossover of nerve tracts, so each cerecral hemisphere controls the movement of the opposite side of the body. It is located in the Medulla Oblongata.

34
Q

What is the white matter that conducts sensory and motor information to and from the cerebellum?

A

The Arbor Vitae.

35
Q

What is the role of the Cerebellum?

A

It conducts Cerebellar Processing, which is the coordination of smooth muscle movements, and compares actual movements to intended movements. Damage results in loss of muscle tone and uncoordinated movements.

36
Q

What is the Limbic System?

A

This is a group of structures scattered throughout the brain that help to regulate emotions It is also responsible to our emotional response to odor. Damage to it con result in a voracious appetite, memory loss, and on increase in perverse sexual behavior.

37
Q

What are the general functions of the Reticular Activation System ?

A

Consists of neurons in the cerebrum, which help to maintain consciousness and wake us up. Damage to the Reticular Formation can result in a coma.

38
Q

What is the Reticular Formation?

A

A network of neurons that integrate and relay infomation Vital for brain systems.

39
Q

List the Meninges in Order from most superficial to least?

A

Dura Mater, The Arachnoid Mater, The Pia Mater

40
Q

Describe the Dura Mater?

A

It is the most superficial layer and extremely tough. The subdural space contains serous fluid and dural Sinsus which collect venous blood from the brain and return it to the venous system.

41
Q

Describe the Arachnoid Mater?

A

Subarachnoid space contains Cerebral Spinal Fluid, which will be absorbed by arachnoid villi if in excess.

42
Q

What are Dorsal Roots?

A

Carries afferent sensory information to the CNS, which arrive via the somatic sensory neurons or the visceral sensory neurons,

43
Q

What are Ventral Roots?

A

Carry efferent motor neurons leaving the CNS. This information comes from eithe Visceral Motor neurons or Somatic motor neurons.

44
Q

What part of the spinal cord contains Somatic and Visceral Sensory neurons?

A

Dorsal Horn

45
Q

What Contains Visceral Motor ( autonomic ) neurons?

A

Lateral Horn

46
Q

What does the Ventral Horn contain?

A

Somatic Motor Neurons

47
Q

What are spinal Horns?

A

This is Grey Matter in the Spinal cord in the shape of an H. Horns on the left and right are connected by the Grey Commissure, which also contains the central Canal.

48
Q

What are Funiculi?

A

The white matter in the spinal cord Surrounding the Grey mater. It is organized into Dorsal Lateral, and Ventral columns,

49
Q

What is the role of the white matter in the Spinal cord?

A

It contains nerve tracts with axons of similar destinations and functions.

Anatomy And Physiology For Respiratory Care (19 decks)

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