Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid/Base Balance Flashcards
How much water does the body contain, and where can it be found?
- 40 L
- Intracellular - 25 L
- Interstital - 12 L
- Plasma - 3 L
What is obligatory water loss?
The smallest amount of water needed to remove waste products.
What is the major extracellular and intacellular electrolyte?
- Extracellular - Sodium
- Intracellular - Potassium
What triggers thirst?
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
What ion contribues the most to osmolarity?
Sodium
How does arterial natriuretuc factor work?
In response to elevated blood pressure, the right atrium secretes ANF which decrease sodium and water reabsorption resulting in increased urine production.
What exhibits aldosterone like effects?
Glucocorticoids and female sex hormones.
How does parathyroid hormone increase calcium ion concentration?
Stimulated by decreased calcium, PTH stimulates osteoclast activity, which breaks down bone and increases calcium and PO4 concentration. PTH will also stimulate the reabsorbtion for both in the kidneys.
What is the normal pH of blood?
7.35-7.45
What is alkalosis and acidosis?
- Alkalosis: blood pH greater than 7.45
- Acidosis: blood pH less than 7.35
What is a chemical buffer system?
Weak acid or weak base working rapidly together to maintain blood pH. They help to resist changes to the pH.
What is the bicarbonate buffer system improtant for?
Buffering extracellular fluid.
What is the phosphate buffer system improtant for?
Bufferinng intracellular fluid and urine.
How does the respiratory system change pH?
Increase in respiratory rate will decrease carbon dioxide and free ion concentrations in the blood, increaseing pH. A decrease in respiratory rate will have the opposite effect.
What are the three major buffering systems of the kidneys for pH?
- Free Hydrogen Secretion
- Conserving Filtered Bicarbonate Ions
- Generating New Bicarbonate Ions
