Chapter 1: The Human Body Flashcards
Definition of Anatomy
Structure of the body.
Definition of Physiology
How things work in the body with a focus on body systems.
Basic Level of Organization.
Atoms and molecules (chemical), organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.
Twelve Human Organ Systems.
Integumentary (skin), Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Male and Female Reproductive.
Homeostasis
The bodies process to maintain a constant internal environment while existing in a dynamic state of equilibrium.
Homeostasis Control Mechanims Process
Stimulus - produces change in variable.
Receptor - Detects change.
Input - Information sent along afferent pathway to control center.
Control Center (Brain) - Recieves information and determins response.
Output - information sent along efferent pathway to effector
Response - feeds back to reduce the effect of the stimulus and returns variable to homeostatic level.
Receptor
Detects change in homeostasis due to stimulus.
Control Center (Brain)
Processes input information from afferent pathway to issue a response to an effector along an efferent pathway.
Effector
Processes information passed through a ln efferent pathway to reduce the effect of the stimulus and return the variable to homeostatic level.
Negative Feedback Loop
Composes the majority of processes the body uses to maintain homeostasis. Causes an opposite direction change and a decrease in the orginal stimulus.
Positive Feedback Loop
Very few mechanisms in homeostasis are positive, but these processes result in the same directional change and an increase in the original stimulus.
Two Body Regions
Appendicular and Axial
Appendicular
Limbs and boney attachments.
Axial
Head, neck, and trunk.
Superior(Cranial)
Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or body.
Inferior
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of structure or body.
Anterior(Ventral)
Toward or at the front of the body, in front of.
