Fundamentals Of The Nervous System

Question 1

What is the basic function of the
nervous system?

Answer 1

To relay a sensory input from a stimulus to the integration Center (the brain) and produce a motor output.

Question 2

What are the two major systems in the nervous system?

Answer 2

The Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

Question 3

What does the CNS consist of?

Answer 3

The brain and spinal cord.

Question 4

What does the PNS consist of?

Answer 4

The cranial and spinal nerves.

Question 5

What divisions is the PNS divided into, and what is their role?

Answer 5

• The Sensory (Afferent) Division: Consists of sensory and visceral nerve fibers that conduct impulses from receptors to
  the CNS.
• The Motor (Efferent) Division: consists of motor nerve fibers that
  conduct impulses from the CNS to effectors what carry out responses.

Question 6

What two systems make up the Motor (Efferent) Division?

Answer 6

• The Somatic Nervous System, which conducts impulses to voluntary control of skeletal
  muscles.
• The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), which conducts impulses from the CNS
  to visceral motor, involuntary, neurons.

Question 7

What two divisons make up the Autonomic Nervous System, and what is their role?

Answer 7

• The Sympathetic Division, which mobilizes the body during activity.
• The Parasympathetic Division, which mobilizes the body during rest.

Question 8

What is an Astrocyte?

Answer 8

This is a neurogliaI cell of the CNS which wraps capillaries and forms the blood brain barrier.

Question 9

What is a Neuroglial Cell?

Answer 9

These are support calls for the nervous system and make up approximately 90% of all cells in the nervous system.

Question 10

What is a Microgila cell?

Answer 10

These are the brain’s immune calls which phagocytize intruding cells.

Question 11

What is an Ependrymal cell?

Answer 11

These cells have cilla and line and the ventricles of the brain, where they circulate cerebral spinal fluid.

Question 12

What is an Oligodendrocytes?

Answer 12

Support cells in the CNS that myelinate neurons.

Question 13

What is a Schawnn Cell?

Answer 13

A support call in the PNS than myelinates neurons.

Question 14

What are Nuclei?

Answer 14

Aggregates of call bodies in the CNS.

Question 15

What are Ganglia?

Answer 15

Aggregates of cell bodies in the PNS,

Question 16

What are bundles of neuron processes in the CNS?

Answer 16

Nerve Tracts

Question 17

What are bundles of nerve processes in the PNS?

Answer 17

Nerves

Question 18

What is the role of the Axon Hillock?

Answer 18

Part of the neurons cell body that determines if the change in membrane potential is strong enough to proceed down the axon.

Question 19

What is the role of myelination in the nervous system?

Answer 19

Myelination not only provides protection but it helps to conduct the impulses more rapidly, up to 150 times faster than Unmyelinated fibers.

Question 20

What is Grey and White Matter?

Answer 20

Grey matter is not myelinated while white matter is myelinated.

Question 21

What is the basic process of a neuron arc?

Answer 21

A stimulus is decoded by a receptor, which sends the impulse through an afferent sensory neuron to the integration canter (CNS). The CNS then makes a decision on how to respond, and sends this impulse response as an down an efferent motor neuron to an effector which carries out the response.