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Gen. Biology > The Cell Cycle and Mitosis > Flashcards

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cells that make your
organs and tissues.

A

Somatic Cells

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2
Q

The ONLY cells that are
not somatic

A

Sex Cells

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3
Q

sperm
and egg

A

sex cells

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4
Q

sex cells is also called ?

A

Gametes

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5
Q

In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in______?

A

Two major stages

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6
Q

The first stage, division of the cell nucleus

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

The second stage, division of the cell
cytoplasm

A

cytokinesis

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8
Q

is the series of events
that cells go through as they grow
and divide

A

cell cycle

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9
Q

is the period of growth
that occurs between cell divisions

A

Interphase

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10
Q

Cell spends most of its life in this
phase.

A

Interphase

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11
Q

During the cell cycle:

A
  1. a cell grows
  2. prepares for division
  3. divides to form two daughter cells, each
    of which begins the cycle again
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12
Q

four phases of the cell cycle

A

G1 (First Gap Phase)
S Phase
G2 (Second Gap Phase)
M Phase

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13
Q

increases in size (cell grows)

A

G1

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14
Q

synthesizes new proteins and
organelles (cell develops)

A

G1

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15
Q

DNA replication

A

S phase

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16
Q

chromosomes are replicated

A

S phase

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17
Q

DNA synthesis takes place

A

S phase

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18
Q

Once a cell enters ______, it usually
completes the rest of the cell cycle

A

S phase

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19
Q

organelles and molecules required for
cell division are produced

A

G2 Phase

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20
Q

Once G2 is complete, the cell is ready to
start the_____?

A

M phase—Mitosis

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21
Q

WHY DOES INTERPHASE HAPPEN?

A

cell must grow in order for extra organelles
and DNA to have a room in the cell

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22
Q

long, thin strands made up of DNA
and protein

A

Chromatin

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23
Q

Genetic information is passed from one
generation to the next on_____?

A

Chromosomes

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24
Q

Before cell division, each chromosome is?

A

duplicated or copied

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25
Q

Each chromosome
consists of?

A

two
identical “sister”
chromatids

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26
Q

Each pair of
chromatids is
attached at an area
called the ?

A

centromere

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27
Q

PMAT

A

▪Prophase
▪Metaphase
▪Anaphase
▪Telophase

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28
Q

the first
and longest phase
of mitosis

A

Prophase

29
Q

The ______separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus.

A

centrioles

30
Q

The centrioles lie in a
region called the?

A

centrosome

31
Q

helps
to organize the spindle

A

centrosome

32
Q

a fanlike microtubule
structure that helps
separate the
chromosomes

A

Spindle

33
Q

The phase where spindle fibers appear

A

PROPHASE

34
Q

Nucleolus and nuclear membrane (envelope) disappear

A

PROPHASE

35
Q

The second phase of
mitosis

A

METAPHASE

36
Q

The _____ line
up across the center of
the cell

A

chromosomes

37
Q

connect
the centromere of each
chromosome to the
poles of the spindle

A

Microtubules

38
Q

Shortest Phase

A

METAPHASE

39
Q

Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers in center of the cell

A

METAPHASE

40
Q

The third phase of
mitosis.

A

Anaphase

41
Q

The sister chromatids
separate into individual
chromosomes.

A

Anaphase

42
Q

Centromeres split apart and chromatids
separate from one another. Each chromatid
moves to opposite poles.

A

ANAPHASE

43
Q

The fourth and final
phase of mitosis.

A

TELOPHASE

44
Q

Chromosomes gather
at opposite ends of the
cell and lose their
distinct shape

A

TELOPHASE

45
Q

A new nuclear
envelope forms around
each cluster of
chromosomes

A

TELOPHASE

46
Q

Chromatids unwind back into chromatin

A

TELOPHASE

47
Q

Chromosomes reach opposite poles of cell

A

TELOPHASE

48
Q

Nuclear envelope and nucleolus reappear reforming the nucleus

A

TELOPHASE

49
Q

Spindle fibers disappear

A

TELOPHASE

50
Q

New double membrane (cell membrane ) gain to form between 2
nuclei (cell pinches)

A

TELOPHASE

51
Q

Animal cell –

A

cleavage

52
Q

Plant cell –

A

cell plate

53
Q

the cytoplasm
pinches in half

A

cytokinesis

54
Q

Each daughter cell
has an identical set
of duplicate
chromosomes

A

cytokinesis

55
Q

Chromosomes are made of ?

A

DNA molecules

56
Q

Occurs in body cells - somatic cells

A

Mitosis - Cell division

57
Q

Forms two identical daughter cells - exactly like the original

A

Mitosis - cell division

58
Q

make up body cells except sex cells

A

Somatic cells

59
Q

chromosomes condense

A

Prophase

60
Q

nuclear envelope and nucleolus reappear reforming the?

A

Nucleus

61
Q

G0

A

Resting State

62
Q

G1 Checkpoint

A

Nutrients
Growth factors
DNA damage

63
Q

Metaphase Checkpoint

A

Chromosome spindle attachment

64
Q

G2 Checkpoint

A

Cell size
DNA replication

65
Q

Chromosomes de condensed

A

Telophase

66
Q

The centrioles separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus.

A

Prophase

67
Q

The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

A

Metaphase

68
Q

longest phase in cell cycle

A

Interphase

Gen. Biology (18 decks)

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