The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Flashcards
Cells that make your
organs and tissues.
Somatic Cells
The ONLY cells that are
not somatic
Sex Cells
sperm
and egg
sex cells
sex cells is also called ?
Gametes
In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in______?
Two major stages
The first stage, division of the cell nucleus
Mitosis
The second stage, division of the cell
cytoplasm
cytokinesis
is the series of events
that cells go through as they grow
and divide
cell cycle
is the period of growth
that occurs between cell divisions
Interphase
Cell spends most of its life in this
phase.
Interphase
During the cell cycle:
- a cell grows
- prepares for division
- divides to form two daughter cells, each
of which begins the cycle again
four phases of the cell cycle
G1 (First Gap Phase)
S Phase
G2 (Second Gap Phase)
M Phase
increases in size (cell grows)
G1
synthesizes new proteins and
organelles (cell develops)
G1
DNA replication
S phase
chromosomes are replicated
S phase
DNA synthesis takes place
S phase
Once a cell enters ______, it usually
completes the rest of the cell cycle
S phase
organelles and molecules required for
cell division are produced
G2 Phase
Once G2 is complete, the cell is ready to
start the_____?
M phase—Mitosis
WHY DOES INTERPHASE HAPPEN?
cell must grow in order for extra organelles
and DNA to have a room in the cell
long, thin strands made up of DNA
and protein
Chromatin
Genetic information is passed from one
generation to the next on_____?
Chromosomes
Before cell division, each chromosome is?
duplicated or copied
Each chromosome
consists of?
two
identical “sister”
chromatids
Each pair of
chromatids is
attached at an area
called the ?
centromere
PMAT
▪Prophase
▪Metaphase
▪Anaphase
▪Telophase
the first
and longest phase
of mitosis
Prophase
The ______separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus.
centrioles
The centrioles lie in a
region called the?
centrosome
helps
to organize the spindle
centrosome
a fanlike microtubule
structure that helps
separate the
chromosomes
Spindle
The phase where spindle fibers appear
PROPHASE
Nucleolus and nuclear membrane (envelope) disappear
PROPHASE
The second phase of
mitosis
METAPHASE
The _____ line
up across the center of
the cell
chromosomes
connect
the centromere of each
chromosome to the
poles of the spindle
Microtubules
Shortest Phase
METAPHASE
Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers in center of the cell
METAPHASE
The third phase of
mitosis.
Anaphase
The sister chromatids
separate into individual
chromosomes.
Anaphase
Centromeres split apart and chromatids
separate from one another. Each chromatid
moves to opposite poles.
ANAPHASE
The fourth and final
phase of mitosis.
TELOPHASE
Chromosomes gather
at opposite ends of the
cell and lose their
distinct shape
TELOPHASE
A new nuclear
envelope forms around
each cluster of
chromosomes
TELOPHASE
Chromatids unwind back into chromatin
TELOPHASE
Chromosomes reach opposite poles of cell
TELOPHASE
Nuclear envelope and nucleolus reappear reforming the nucleus
TELOPHASE
Spindle fibers disappear
TELOPHASE
New double membrane (cell membrane ) gain to form between 2
nuclei (cell pinches)
TELOPHASE
Animal cell –
cleavage
Plant cell –
cell plate
the cytoplasm
pinches in half
cytokinesis
Each daughter cell
has an identical set
of duplicate
chromosomes
cytokinesis
Chromosomes are made of ?
DNA molecules
Occurs in body cells - somatic cells
Mitosis - Cell division
Forms two identical daughter cells - exactly like the original
Mitosis - cell division
make up body cells except sex cells
Somatic cells
chromosomes condense
Prophase
nuclear envelope and nucleolus reappear reforming the?
Nucleus
G0
Resting State
G1 Checkpoint
Nutrients
Growth factors
DNA damage
Metaphase Checkpoint
Chromosome spindle attachment
G2 Checkpoint
Cell size
DNA replication
Chromosomes de condensed
Telophase
The centrioles separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus.
Prophase
The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
Metaphase
longest phase in cell cycle
Interphase
