CELLULAR TRANSPORT

Question 1

the amount of solute in a solution.

Answer 1

Concentration

Question 2

the dissolved substance in a solution

Answer 2

Solute

Question 3

a mixture in which two or more substances are mixed evenly.

Answer 3

Solution

Question 4

the gradual difference in the concentration of solutes in a solution between two regions.

Answer 4

Concentration gradient

Question 5

ALL cells have a ______ made of proteins and lipids

Answer 5

cell membrane

Question 6

Plant cells have a cell wall made of _____

Answer 6

cellulose

Question 7

is fiber in our diet

Answer 7

cellulose is fiber in our diet

Question 8

Bacteria and fungi also have ____

Answer 8

cell walls

Question 9

Bacteria and fungi also have cell walls, but they do not contain______

Answer 9

Cellulose

Question 10

Cell membranes and cell walls are _____allowing water, carbon dioxide, oxygen and nutrients to pass through easily

Answer 10

porous

Question 11

Cell Membrane aka

Answer 11

“The Phospholipid Bilayer”

Question 12

ALL cells have a _____ made of Phosphate, proteins, and lipids

Answer 12

cell membrane

Question 13

All Cells have a cell (______)

Answer 13

plasma membrane

Question 14

Prokaryotes have

Answer 14

have a cell wall + cell membrane

Question 15

Eukaryotes have

Answer 15

Animal Cells ( cell membrane only)
Plant cells (cell membrane + cell wall)

Question 16

cell doesn’t use energy

Answer 16

Passive Transport

Question 17

cell does use energy

Answer 17

Active Transport

Question 18

is the movement of small particles across a selectively permeable membrane like the cell

Answer 18

Diffusion

Question 19

random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Answer 19

Diffusion

Question 20

is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane

Answer 20

Osmosis

Question 21

is the movement of larger molecules like glucose through the cell membrane – larger molecules must be “helped”

Answer 21

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 22

Proteins that form channels (pores) are called

Answer 22

protein channels

Question 23

diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in the membrane

Answer 23

Facilitated diffusion

Question 24

contain a high concentration of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell’s cytoplasm).

Answer 24

Hypertonic Solutions

Question 25

contain a low concentration of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm).

Answer 25

Hypotonic Solutions

Question 26

contain the same concentration of solute as another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm).

Answer 26

Isotonic Solutions

Question 27

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 27

Osmosis

Question 28

The solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell. (Low solute; High water)

Answer 28

Hypotonic Solution

Question 29

The solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell. (High solute; Low water)

Answer 29

Hypertonic Solution

Question 30

The concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.

Answer 30

Isotonic Solution

Question 31

have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding.

Answer 31

Bacteria and plants

Question 32

like paramecium has contractile vacuoles that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from over-expanding.

Answer 32

protist

Question 33

pump salt out of their specialized gills so they do not dehydrate.

Answer 33

Salt water fish

Question 34

are bathed in blood. Kidneys keep the blood isotonic by removing excess salt and water.

Answer 34

Animal cells

Question 35

is the movement of molecules from LOW to HIGH concentration.

Answer 35

Active transport

Question 36

________as molecules must be pumped against the concentration gradient.

Answer 36

Energy is required

Question 37

Proteins that work as pumps are called

Answer 37

protein pumps.

Question 38

transport proteins that require energy to do work

Answer 38

Protein Pumps

Question 39

changes shape to move molecules: this requires energy!

Answer 39

Protein

Question 40

is the mechanism by which very large molecules (such as food and wastes) get into and out of the cell

Answer 40

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Question 41

Food is moved into the cell by

Answer 41

Endocytosis

Question 42

Wastes are moved out of the cell by

Answer 42

Exocytosis

Question 43

White Blood Cells, which are part of the ___surround and engulf bacteria by _____

Answer 43

IMMUNE SYTEM ----- endocytosis.

Question 44

Forces material out of cell in bulk

Answer 44

Exocytosis

Question 45

membrane surrounding the material fuses with cell membrane

Answer 45

Exocytosis

Question 46

Cell changes shape – requires energy

Answer 46

Exocytosis

Question 47

Some cells have membranes and cell walls. what is the example?

Answer 47

Plants, fungi, and bacteria

Question 48

All cells have a cell membrane made of ____ and_____.

Answer 48

Proteins and Lipids

Question 49

All cells have a cell membrane made of ____, ______, and ______.

Answer 49

phosphate, proteins, and lipids

Question 50

It’s a double layer(bilayer) of phosphates, and fats (lipids)

Answer 50

cell membrane

Question 51

The _____ both repels and attracts water through the membrane at the same time.

Answer 51

Cell membrane

Question 52

A single phospholipid has _____ (water loving) phosphate heads and _____ (water hating) fatty acid tails.

Answer 52

Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic

Question 53

Cell membrane separates the components of a cell from its ______ - surrounds the cell

Answer 53

Environment

Question 54

Cell membrane helps maintain _______ - stable internal balance.

Answer 54

Homoestasis

Question 55

Gatekeeper

Answer 55

Cell membrane

Question 56

Regulates the flow of materials into and out of cell - selectively permeable

Answer 56

Cell membrane

Question 57

Types of cellular transport

Answer 57

Passive transport and active transport

Question 58

is permeable to water but not to sugar

Answer 58

Semi-permeable membrane

Question 59

Proteins in the cell membrane form _____ for ______ to pass through

Answer 59

Channels for large molecules

Question 60

are specific - they “select” only certain molecules to cross the membrane

Answer 60

Transport Proteins

Question 61

_______ or charged molecules

Answer 61

Transport larger

Question 62

Facilitated diffusion - (________)

Answer 62

Channel Protein

Question 63

Diffusion - (________)

Answer 63

Lipid Bilayer

Question 64

The fluid that surrounds the body cells is _______.

Answer 64

Isotonic

Question 65

What is the result of hypotonic solution?

Answer 65

Water moves form the solution to inside the cell : CELL SWELSS AND BURST OPEN (CYTOLYSIS)

Question 66

What is the result of hypertonic solution?

Answer 66

water moves from inside the cell into the solution : cell shrinks (Plasmolysis)

Question 67

Results of Isotonic solution?

Answer 67

Water moves equally in both directions and the cell remains same size ( dynamic equilibrium)

Question 68

In _____the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called tugor pressure.

Answer 68

plants

Question 69

When a cell is placed in a _________, the water diffuses out of the cell, causing the cell to shrivel.

Answer 69

Hypertonic solution

Question 70

When a cell is placed in an _________, the water diffuses into and out of the cell at the same rate.

Answer 70

Isotonic solution

Question 71

When a cell is placed in a __________, the water diffuses into the cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly explode.

Answer 71

Hypotonic solution