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Gen. Biology > CELLULAR TRANSPORT > Flashcards

CELLULAR TRANSPORT Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the amount of solute in a solution.

A

Concentration

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2
Q

the dissolved substance in a solution

A

Solute

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3
Q

a mixture in which two or more substances are mixed evenly.

A

Solution

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4
Q

the gradual difference in the concentration of solutes in a solution between two regions.

A

Concentration gradient

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5
Q

ALL cells have a ______ made of proteins and lipids

A

cell membrane

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6
Q

Plant cells have a cell wall made of _____

A

cellulose

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7
Q

is fiber in our diet

A

cellulose is fiber in our diet

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8
Q

Bacteria and fungi also have ____

A

cell walls

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9
Q

Bacteria and fungi also have cell walls, but they do not contain______

A

Cellulose

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10
Q

Cell membranes and cell walls are _____allowing water, carbon dioxide, oxygen and nutrients to pass through easily

A

porous

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11
Q

Cell Membrane aka

A

“The Phospholipid Bilayer”

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12
Q

ALL cells have a _____ made of Phosphate, proteins, and lipids

A

cell membrane

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13
Q

All Cells have a cell (______)

A

plasma membrane

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14
Q

Prokaryotes have

A

have a cell wall + cell membrane

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15
Q

Eukaryotes have

A

Animal Cells ( cell membrane only)
Plant cells (cell membrane + cell wall)

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16
Q

cell doesn’t use energy

A

Passive Transport

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17
Q

cell does use energy

A

Active Transport

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18
Q

is the movement of small particles across a selectively permeable membrane like the cell

A

Diffusion

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19
Q

random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

A

Diffusion

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20
Q

is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane

A

Osmosis

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21
Q

is the movement of larger molecules like glucose through the cell membrane – larger molecules must be “helped”

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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22
Q

Proteins that form channels (pores) are called

A

protein channels

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23
Q

diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in the membrane

A

Facilitated diffusion

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24
Q

contain a high concentration of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell’s cytoplasm).

A

Hypertonic Solutions

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25
Q

contain a low concentration of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell’s cytoplasm).

A

Hypotonic Solutions

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26
Q

contain the same concentration of solute as another solution (e.g. the cell’s cytoplasm).

A

Isotonic Solutions

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27
Q

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

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28
Q

The solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell. (Low solute; High water)

A

Hypotonic Solution

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29
Q

The solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell. (High solute; Low water)

A

Hypertonic Solution

30
Q

The concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.

A

Isotonic Solution

31
Q

have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding.

A

Bacteria and plants

32
Q

like paramecium has contractile vacuoles that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from over-expanding.

A

protist

33
Q

pump salt out of their specialized gills so they do not dehydrate.

A

Salt water fish

34
Q

are bathed in blood. Kidneys keep the blood isotonic by removing excess salt and water.

A

Animal cells

35
Q

is the movement of molecules from LOW to HIGH concentration.

A

Active transport

36
Q

________as molecules must be pumped against the concentration gradient.

A

Energy is required

37
Q

Proteins that work as pumps are called

A

protein pumps.

38
Q

transport proteins that require energy to do work

A

Protein Pumps

39
Q

changes shape to move molecules: this requires energy!

A

Protein

40
Q

is the mechanism by which very large molecules (such as food and wastes) get into and out of the cell

A

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

41
Q

Food is moved into the cell by

A

Endocytosis

42
Q

Wastes are moved out of the cell by

A

Exocytosis

43
Q

White Blood Cells, which are part of the ___surround and engulf bacteria by _____

A

IMMUNE SYTEM —– endocytosis.

44
Q

Forces material out of cell in bulk

A

Exocytosis

45
Q

membrane surrounding the material fuses with cell membrane

A

Exocytosis

46
Q

Cell changes shape – requires energy

A

Exocytosis

47
Q

Some cells have membranes and cell walls. what is the example?

A

Plants, fungi, and bacteria

48
Q

All cells have a cell membrane made of ____ and_____.

A

Proteins and Lipids

49
Q

All cells have a cell membrane made of ____, ______, and ______.

A

phosphate, proteins, and lipids

50
Q

It’s a double layer(bilayer) of phosphates, and fats (lipids)

A

cell membrane

51
Q

The _____ both repels and attracts water through the membrane at the same time.

A

Cell membrane

52
Q

A single phospholipid has _____ (water loving) phosphate heads and _____ (water hating) fatty acid tails.

A

Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic

53
Q

Cell membrane separates the components of a cell from its ______ - surrounds the cell

A

Environment

54
Q

Cell membrane helps maintain _______ - stable internal balance.

A

Homoestasis

55
Q

Gatekeeper

A

Cell membrane

56
Q

Regulates the flow of materials into and out of cell - selectively permeable

A

Cell membrane

57
Q

Types of cellular transport

A

Passive transport and active transport

58
Q

is permeable to water but not to sugar

A

Semi-permeable membrane

59
Q

Proteins in the cell membrane form _____ for ______ to pass through

A

Channels for large molecules

60
Q

are specific - they “select” only certain molecules to cross the membrane

A

Transport Proteins

61
Q

_______ or charged molecules

A

Transport larger

62
Q

Facilitated diffusion - (________)

A

Channel Protein

63
Q

Diffusion - (________)

A

Lipid Bilayer

64
Q

The fluid that surrounds the body cells is _______.

A

Isotonic

65
Q

What is the result of hypotonic solution?

A

Water moves form the solution to inside the cell : CELL SWELSS AND BURST OPEN (CYTOLYSIS)

66
Q

What is the result of hypertonic solution?

A

water moves from inside the cell into the solution : cell shrinks (Plasmolysis)

67
Q

Results of Isotonic solution?

A

Water moves equally in both directions and the cell remains same size ( dynamic equilibrium)

68
Q

In _____the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called tugor pressure.

A

plants

69
Q

When a cell is placed in a _________, the water diffuses out of the cell, causing the cell to shrivel.

A

Hypertonic solution

70
Q

When a cell is placed in an _________, the water diffuses into and out of the cell at the same rate.

A

Isotonic solution

71
Q

When a cell is placed in a __________, the water diffuses into the cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly explode.

A

Hypotonic solution

Gen. Biology (18 decks)

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