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Gen. Biology > CELL TYPES AND CELL MODIFICATION > Flashcards

CELL TYPES AND CELL MODIFICATION Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

are group of similar cells which perform a definite function

A

Tissues

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2
Q

types of animal tissues

A

EPITHELIAL TISSUES
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
MUSCLE TISSUES
NERVE TISSUES

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3
Q

cover body surfaces.

A

Epithelial Tissues

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4
Q

Outer layer of skin and the lining of organs

A

Epithelial Tissues

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5
Q

Also found in glandular tissue

A

Epithelial Tissues

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6
Q

Play roles in absorption, filtration, secretion, and protection against foreign substances

A

Epithelial Tissues

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7
Q

Usually fit closely together in continuous sheets

A

Special Characteristics of Epithelium

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8
Q

Exception: glandular epithelium

A

Special Characteristics of Epithelium

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9
Q

______ (Have no blood supply of their own)

A

Avascular

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10
Q

How do they get nutrients? (EPITHELIUM)

A

If well nourished, epithelial cells regenerate themselves easily.

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11
Q

Have one free (unattached) surface or edge called the apical surface

A

Special Characteristics of Epithelium

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12
Q

Exposed to body’s exterior or to the cavity of an internal organ

A

Apical surface

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13
Q

Lower surface of an epithelium rests on a ______

A

basement membrane

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14
Q

Structureless material secreted by both the epithelial cells and the connective tissue cells

A

basement membrane

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15
Q

Classification of Epithelium - first :

A

First: indicates relative number of cell layers

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16
Q

______ (one layer of cells)

A

Simple

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17
Q

________(more than one cell layer)

A

Stratified

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18
Q

Classification of Epithelium - second

A

Second: describes the shape of cells

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19
Q

_______ (cells flattened like scales)

A

Squamous

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20
Q

_______ (cube-shaped)

A

Cuboidal

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21
Q

_______ (shaped like columns)

A

Columnar

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22
Q

tissue is composed of flat, scale-like cells that usually forms membranes

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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23
Q

It lines the walls of blood vessels, pulmonary alveoli (shown here), and the lining of the heart, lung, and peritoneal cavities.

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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24
Q

This tissue is composed of a single layer of cube-like cells.

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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25
Q

It lines the walls of kidney tubules, covers the surface of ovaries, and is common in glands and their ducts.

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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26
Q

This tissue is composed of a single layer of tall cells.

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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27
Q

It often includes mucus-producing goblet cells.

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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28
Q

It often lines the digestive tract.

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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29
Q

Although this tissue appears stratified, it is actually composed of a single layer of cells of different types.

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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30
Q

Although their nuclei are found at different levels, each cell adjoins the basal membrane (BM).

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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31
Q

This tissue lines the larger respiratory passageways

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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32
Q

It is often ciliated (arrows).

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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33
Q

Main functions: absorption and secretion

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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34
Q

Ciliated variety lines respiratory tract

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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35
Q

Mucus produced by goblet cells traps dust and other debris

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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36
Q

Cilia propel mucus upward and away from the lungs

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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37
Q

The term “__________” refers to the layered arrangement of cells.

A

stratified

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38
Q

The outer layers of cells appear flat, but the inner cells vary in shape from cuboidal to columnar.

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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39
Q

serves as a barrier to the outside environment in locations such as the skin, mouth, and esophagus.

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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40
Q

is found in the ducts of sweat glands and surrounds Graafian follicles of ovaries.

A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

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41
Q

Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching

A

Transitional Epithelium

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42
Q

It lines organs of the urinary system.

A

Transitional Epithelium

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43
Q

Some epithelial membranes are made up of cells with cilia, tiny projections that beat in unison to move mucus along the surface.

A

Ciliated Epithelium

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44
Q

in the trachea, for example, sweep debris out of the respiratory tract.

A

Ciliated Epithelium

45
Q

A_______ is defined as one or more cells responsible for secreting a particular product

A

gland

46
Q

Two major gland types

A

endocrine gland
exocrine gland

47
Q

Ductless since secretions diffuse into blood vessels

A

Endocrine gland (Glandular Epithelium)

48
Q

All secretions are hormones
Examples include pituitary, pancreas, ovaries, teste

A

Endocrine gland (Glandular Epithelium)

49
Q

Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface

A

Exocrine gland (Glandular Epithelium)

50
Q

Include sweat and oil glands

A

Exocrine gland (Glandular Epithelium)

51
Q

Binds structures together

A

Connective Tissue

52
Q

Provides support & protection

A

Connective Tissue

53
Q

Fills spaces

A

Connective Tissue

54
Q

Produces blood cells

A

Connective Tissue

55
Q

Stores fat

A

Connective Tissue

56
Q

For energy, insulation, organ protection

A

Connective Tissue

57
Q

Fibrous Connective Tissue

A

Loose (areolar) connective tissue
adipose
Dense connective tissue
Regular
irregular
Reticular connective tissue

58
Q

Lies between other tissues or between organs binding them

A

Loose (areolar) Connective Tissue

59
Q

Cells made of fibroblasts – large, star-shaped cells

A

Loose (areolar) Connective Tissue

60
Q

Contains many white fibers (strong and flexible) and yellow fibers (very elastic)

A

Loose (areolar) Connective Tissue

61
Q

is a type of loose connective tissue

A

Adipose tissue

62
Q

stores fats, provides insulation

A

Adipose tissue

63
Q

found beneath skin, around kidney & heart, breast

A

Adipose tissue

64
Q

Consists of parallel bundles of collagenous fibers

A

Regular - Dense Connective Tissue

65
Q

Found in tendons & ligaments

A

Regular - Dense Connective Tissue

66
Q

Binds organs together

A

Regular - Dense Connective Tissue

67
Q

Bundles run in different direction

A

Irregular - Dense Connective Tissue

68
Q

Found in inner portion of skin

A

Irregular - Dense Connective Tissue

69
Q

The cell (chondrocytes) lies in small chambers called lacunae

A

Cartilage

70
Q

The cell (chondrocytes) lies in small chambers called ___

A

lacunae

71
Q

Matrix is solid yet flexible

A

Cartilage

72
Q

_____ is solid yet flexible

A

Matrix

73
Q

Lacks direct blood supply, as a result, it heals slowly

A

Cartilage

74
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage-trachea
- Elastic cartilage – ear
- Fibrocartilage - ACL

75
Q

Most rigid of the connective tissues

A

Bones

76
Q

Minerals and protein fibers gives ____ rigidity, elasticity and strength

A

Bones

77
Q

two types of bones

A

Compact bone
Spongy bone

78
Q

Found in the outer portion of long bones

A

Compact Bone

79
Q

Consists of many cylindrical-shaped units called osteon

A

Compact Bone

80
Q

Found on ends of long bone

A

Spongy Bone

81
Q

Contains bony bars and plates called trabeculae separated by irregular spaces

A

Spongy Bone

82
Q

Blood cells are made within the red marrow found in the ____

A

Spongy Bone

83
Q

Connective tissue composed of cells suspended in liquid matrix called plasma

A

Blood

84
Q

carries oxygen

A

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

85
Q

White blood cells (leukocytes

A

White blood cells (leukocytes)

86
Q

fragment of giant cells found in bone marrow

A

Platelets

87
Q

This tissue is characterized by properties that allow movement.

A

Muscle tissue

88
Q

____cells are excitable; they respond to stimulus.

A

muscle

89
Q

They are contractile, which means they will shorten and generate a propulsion force.

A

Muscle tissue

90
Q

The three types of muscle tissue are the following:

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Smooth
  3. Cardiac
91
Q

It is a voluntary muscle.

A

Skeletal muscle

92
Q

tissue has regularly arranged bundles.

A

Skeletal muscle

93
Q

It is anchored by tendons and is used to affect _________ movement, such as locomotion, and maintain posture

A

skeletal muscle

94
Q

The muscles have a reflex action but can also respond to conscious control.

A

Skeletal muscle

95
Q

is an involuntary,non-striated muscle with tapered ends that lacks striations.

A

Smooth muscle

96
Q

It is found within the walls of blood vessels such as arteries and veins.

A

Smooth muscle

97
Q

muscle is also found in the digestive system, urinary tract and in the trachea.

A

Smooth muscle

98
Q

It is responsible for involuntary rhythmic contractions of peristalsis, required for moving food down the alimentary canal, and for the dilation and construction of blood vessels to control blood pressure

A

Smooth muscle

99
Q

is the major type of tissue constitutes the walls of the heart.

A

Cardiac muscle

100
Q

It is an involuntary muscle that is striated in appearance and contains intercalated disc.

A

Cardiac muscle

101
Q

connects at branching, irregular angles

A

. Cardiac muscle

102
Q

The connected branches help with coordinated contractions of the heart.

A

Cardiac muscle

103
Q

Coordinates, regulates, and integrates body functions.

A

Nervous Tissue

104
Q

Cells making up the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system are classified as_______.

A

nervous tissue

105
Q

In the peripheral nervous system the _______ forms the cranial nerves and spinal nerves, which include the sensory and motor neurons

A

nervous tissue

106
Q

composed of nerve cells known as neurons and glial cells that perform as support cells

A

Nervous Tissue

107
Q

These neurons perceive stimuli and transmit electrical signals all over the animal body.

A

Nervous Tissue

108
Q

The dendrite is the part of the neuron that receives impulses from other neurons while the axon is the part where the impulse is transmitted to other neurons.

A

Nervous Tissue

109
Q

Have one free (unattached) surface or edge called the _____

A

apical surface

Gen. Biology (18 decks)

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