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Gen. Biology > BIOMOLECULES > Flashcards

BIOMOLECULES Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 biomolecules?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Nucleic Acids
  • Proteins
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2
Q

WE TYPICALLY GET BIOMOLECULES FROM

A

FOOD

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3
Q

THE BIOMOLECULES SERVE TO KEEP

A

ORGANISMS ALIVE

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4
Q

CARBOHYDRATES
ARE?

A

SUGARS

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5
Q

We get __ kilocalories per gram
of carb that we eat!

A

4

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6
Q

Most common organic molecule

A

Carbohydrates

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7
Q

Function: Primary energy source our body
needs

A

Carbohydrates

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8
Q

Elements present: C, H, O (1:2:1 ratio)

A

Carbohydrates

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9
Q

Monomer (building block):
Monosaccharides (Glucose is most common)

A

Carbohydrates

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10
Q

Polymer: Polysaccharides (starch, Glycogen,
Cellulose, Chitin

A

Carbohydrates

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11
Q

Examples: Chocolate, Bread, Pasta, Fruits,
Vegetables (ALL FROM PLANTS!!!)

A

Carbohydrates

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12
Q

Single sugar

A

monosaccharide

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13
Q

Ex: glucose , fructose (in fruits)

A

Single sugar: monosaccharide

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14
Q

2 monosaccharides

A

disaccharide

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15
Q

Ex: maltose, sucrose

A

2 monosaccharides: disaccharide

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16
Q

3+ monosaccharides

A

polysaccharide

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17
Q

Ex: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, and Chitin

A

3+ monosaccharides
polysaccharides

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18
Q

Used for energy storage in plants

A

Starch

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19
Q

Types of polysaccharides

A

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, and Chitin

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20
Q

Potatoes, pasta and rice are ?

A

Starch

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21
Q

They provide a quick form of energy for the body

A

Starch

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22
Q

Used for energy storage in animals

A

Glycogen

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23
Q

Provides structural
support in plants (found
in the cell wall)

A

Cellulose

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24
Q

Found in exoskeletens of
arthropods (insects,
spiders)

A

Chitin

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25
Q

Found in cell wall of
some fungi

A

Chitin

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26
Q

Primarily in a Ring shape (but not always)

A

Carbohydrates

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27
Q

LIPIDS ARE?

A

FATS

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28
Q

We get _____ kcals per gram
Of fat that we consume.

A

9

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29
Q

Function: Store energy, Insulates
your body, and make up the cell
membrane!

A

Lipids

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30
Q

Elements: C-H-O

A

Lipids

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31
Q

Monomer (Building blocks):
glycerol & 3 fatty acids

A

Lipids

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32
Q

Polymer: Phospholipids,
triglycerides

33
Q

Example: Steroids, cholesterol, fats, Oils, Nuts, Waxes, and make up part of the cell membrane

34
Q

are Hydrophobic (water fearing) and do not dissolve in water

35
Q

Lipids can be?

A

Saturated and Unsaturated

36
Q

The bonds between all the carbons are single bonds.

37
Q

Solid at room temperature

38
Q

Mainly animal fats (bacon grease, lard)

39
Q

There is at least one double or
triple bond between carbons present.

A

Unsaturated

40
Q

Liquid at room temperature

A

Unsaturated

41
Q

Mainly plant based fats (olive oil, peanut oil) as well as
oily fish (Tuna, Sardines)

A

Unsaturated

42
Q

unhealthy lipids

43
Q

healthy lipids

A

Unsaturated

44
Q

Long strands of Carbon
and Hydrogen

A

Lipid Structure (HYDROCARBONS)

45
Q

BUILD US

46
Q

We get ____ kcals per gram
Of protein that we consume.

47
Q

Transport molecules in and out of the cell

48
Q

Control the speed of chemical reaction

49
Q

Used for growth and repair

50
Q

make up the structure of living things…Hair, nails, skin, bones, muscle, etc.

51
Q

Elements: C-H-O-N

52
Q

Monomer (Building Block):
amino acids (20 different
ones!)

53
Q

Polymer: proteins (tons)

54
Q

hemoglobin in red blood
cells, albumin in eggs,
enzymes that control
reactions in the body, and
antibodies

55
Q

Found in: fish, eggs, meat

56
Q

______ groups represent one of the 20 Amino Acids! (so, each amino acid has something
different in that spot)

57
Q

When groups of _____ are joined together a protein is formed

A

amino acids

58
Q

There are ____kinds of amino acids

59
Q

what amino acids consist of?

A

They consist of a carboxyl group (COOH) and an amino group NH2

60
Q

form between amino acids

A

Peptide bonds

61
Q

other name for Peptide bonds

A

polypeptide

62
Q

These biomolecules are not
necessarily from food

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

63
Q

Provide our genetic information

A

Nucleic acids

64
Q

Holds the instructions to make proteins.

A

Nucleic acids

65
Q

Elements: C-H-O-N-P

A

Nucleic acids

66
Q

Monomer : nucleotides

A

Nucleic acids

67
Q

A nucleotide is made up of:

A
  • Sugar
    *Phosphate
    *Nitrogen Base: A, T, G, C, or U
68
Q

Polymer: DNA, RNA and AT

A

Nucleic acids

69
Q

dextrose sugar

70
Q

MONOSACCHARIDE

A

GLUCOSE
GALACTOSE
FRUCTOSE

71
Q

DISACCHARIDE

A

SUCROSE
LACTOSE
MALTOSE

72
Q

monomers of sucrose

A

glucose+fructose

73
Q

monomers of lactose

A

glucose+galactose

74
Q

monomers of maltose

A

glucose+glucose

75
Q

on the same side of hydrogen and healthy

A

cis fatty acid

76
Q

on the opposite side of hydrogen and unhealthy

A

trans fatty acid

77
Q

hydrogenation of vegetable oils

A

trans fatty acid

78
Q

naturally existing

A

cis fatty acid

79
Q

table sugar

Gen. Biology (18 decks)

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