Mechanism of Evolution

Question 1

It occurs when humans selectively breed plants and animals for particular traits.

Answer 1

Artificial Selection

Question 2

Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on
the genes that aided their success.

Answer 2

Natural Selection

Question 3

3 principles of natural selection

Answer 3

1. the characteristics of organisms are inherited, or passed from parent to offspring.
2. more offspring are produced than are able to survive (resources for survival and reproduction are limited)
3. offspring vary among each other in regard to their characteristics and those variations are inherited

Question 4

This process causes species to change and diverge over time.

Answer 4

Natural Selection

Question 5

can only take place if there is variation, or differences among individuals in a population

Answer 5

Natural selection

Question 6

A heritable trait that aids the survival and reproduction of an organism in its present environment is called an _____.

Answer 6

adaptation

Question 7

is a “match” of the
organism to the environment.

Answer 7

Adaptation

Question 8

_____ to an
environment comes about when a change in the genetic
variation occurs over time that increases or maintains the
match of the population with its environment

Answer 8

Adaptation

Question 9

whenever a mistake in the DNA
occurs in the heritable cells of an organism.

Answer 9

Mutation

Question 10

It is a source of new alleles in the population.

Answer 10

Mutation

Question 11

can change one allele into another, but the net effect is change in frequency.

Answer 11

Mutation

Question 12

The outcomes or effect of mutation in an organisms’
phenotype or appearance are as follows;

Answer 12

a. It may affect the phenotype of organism in a way that gives it reduced fitness- lower likelihood of survival, resulting in fewer offspring.
b. It may produce a phenotype with a beneficial effect on fitness
c. Neutral mutations will have no effect on fitness.

Question 13

occurs in a species called the
peppered moth, where the occurrence has become of more frequent occurrence since the
beginning of the industrial age.

Answer 13

Industrial melanism

Question 14

It is a mechanism of evolution characterized by random fluctuations in the frequency of a
particular version of a gene (allele) in a population.

Answer 14

Genetic Drift

Question 15

it primarily affects small,
isolated populations,

Answer 15

Genetic Drift

Question 16

the effects of _____
can be strong, sometimes causing traits to become overwhelmingly frequent or to disappear
from a population.

Answer 16

Genetic Drift

Question 17

t in a population can lead to the
elimination of an allele from a population by
chance.

Answer 17

Genetic Drift

Question 18

is the result of the movement of
individuals into or out of populations. also
influences allele frequency.

Answer 18

Gene flow

Question 19

If individuals in a large population interbreed with one another, members of that population will be fairly similar to one another in form, physiology, and behavior.

Answer 19

Gene flow

Question 20

Individuals might also migrate from one population to another within their species,
introducing different alleles to their new population or decreasing the frequency of certain alleles in the population they migrated from.

Answer 20

Gene Flow

Question 21

It occurs during meiosis when chromosomes
exchange genes.

Answer 21

Recombination

Question 22

This process ultimately leads to
the formation of unique gametes with chromosomes that are different from those in
parents.

Answer 22

Recombination

Question 23

This is one of the important means to promote and increase genetic diversity between
generations.

Answer 23

Recombination