The Cell Flashcards
What is the major function of the Nucleus?
It houses the DNA that serves as the genetic material for directing protein synthesis.
A phospholipid bilayer that forms a selectively permeable boundary of the cell.
Plasma Membrane
Give the three functions of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Synthesis of Lipids
Glycogen Metabolism
Stores Calcium
These are ribosomes that produce proteins used within the cell.
Free Ribosomes
What is the major function of the Nucleolus?
Synthesis of ribosomes
The nucleus and centrosome is also duplicated.
S Phase
What is the major function of the Nuclear Envelope?
It separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
What are the three phases under the Interphase?
G1 Phase
S Phase
G2 Phase
During _________, constriction of the ring produces a cleavage furrow and progresses until the cytoplasm and its organelles are divided into two daughter cells.
Cytokinesis
What is the major function of the Cytoplasm?
It is responsible for many cellular processes.
During this phase, the two centrosomes with their now-duplicated centrioles separate and migrate to opposite poles of the cell and organize the microtubules of the mitotic spindle.
Prophase
What are trans face Golgi stacks?
shipping sites away from the ER
What are the major functions of the Cytoskeleton?
Provide mechanical strength
Establish cell shape
Locomotion
Intracellular transport
What is the major function of Ribosomes?
Protein Synthesis
The period primarily devoted to DNA replication.
S Phase
It is a large rounded or oval structure that is enclosed within a double membrane.
Nucleus
What are the four phases of Mitosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What is the other function of the cytosol asides from providing support?
This is where diffusion occurs
It is a large prominent structure that is found within the nucleus.
Nucleolus
These are composed of 9 sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring, and it replicates before cell division.
Centrioles
A short period of preparation for mitosis.
G2 Phase
It is the basic structural and unit of all forms of life.
Cell
It is a double-membrane boundary that separates the cytoplasm and nuclear components; continuous with rough ER.
Nuclear Envelope
What are the functions of Peroxisomes?
It detoxifies harmful substances and engage in beta oxidation of FA to acetyl coA.
During this phase, the cell is now more spherical, and the microtubules move the chromosomes into alignment at the equatorial plate.
Metaphase
During this phase, the microtubules begin to depolymerize, and the nuclear envelope begins to reassemble.
Telophase
The cell cycle is divided into two major phases which are _______________.
Interphase and Mitotic Phase (Mitosis)
What are cis face Golgi stacks?
receiving sites near the ER
The cells grow physically larger, copy its organelles, and makes the molecular building blocks that will be needed in the next steps of cell division.
G1 Phase
It is a viscous fluid medium that provides support for the organelles.
Cytosol
What are the functions of Lysosomes?
It contains hydrolytic enzymes to digest proteins.
Autophagy
Intracellular digestion
It increases the membrane surface area for greater absorption.
Microvilli
These are organelles composed of both protein and rRNA that are organized into both a large and small subunit.
Ribosomes
During this phase, the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles.
Anaphase
During this phase, actual cell division occurs.
Mitotic Phase
Where are lysosomes formed?
At the Golgi apparatus
Describe the cisternae of Endoplasmic Reticulum
physically connected to each other
Describe the cisternae of Golgi Apparatus
flattened, not physically connected to each other
This is where the synthesis of secretory proteins, cell membrane proteins, and organelle proteins occur.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
These are ribosomes that produce proteins that are secreted, incorporated into plasma membrane, and within lysosomes.
Bound Ribosomes
What are the major functions of the plasma membrane?
Physical barrier
Regulates material movement
Maintain electrical charge
Cell communication
It is a spherical-shaped, membranous structure that is formed from the Golgi apparatus.
Lysosomes
A double-membrane bound organelle containing a circular strand of DNA.
Mitochondria
These are smaller, spherical-shaped organelles formed from the ER, and contains oxidative enzymes.
Peroxisomes
The major site for carbohydrate synthesis is _________.
Golgi Apparatus
The cell grows even more, makes protein and organelles. and re-organizes its content prior to mitosis.
G2 Phase
What is the major function of the Mitochondria?
It serves as an energy transformer of the cell by synthesizing most ATP.
Nucleus contains ___________.
chromatin, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm
It gives a platform for the organelles to do their specific functions.
Cytoplasm
During this phase, the nucleolus disappears and the replicated chromatin condenses into thread-like chromosomes.
Prophase
It moves substances over the cell.
Cilia
A region near the nucleus from which microtubules sprouts. It contains a pair of centriole.
Centrosomes
It consists of a network of membranous tubules and sacs called cisternae.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The period in which the cells accumulate the enzymes and nucleotides.
G1 Phase
What are the major functions of Centrosome?
It organizes microtubules
Participates in mitotic spindle formation
During this phase, the cell will grow and double its size and organelles, and make a copy of its DNA.
Interphase
It is the backbone of the cell, which is an organized network of protein filaments.
Cytoskeleton
During this phase, the two sets of chromosomes are at the spindle poles and begin reverting to their uncondensed state.
Telophase
They carry out specific metabolic activities of the cell.
Organelles
The ________ serves as the sorting and dispatching station for the products of ER.
Golgi Apparatus
It provides locomotion for the cell, and propels the sperm.
Flagella
