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Human Histology > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major function of the Nucleus?

A

It houses the DNA that serves as the genetic material for directing protein synthesis.

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2
Q

A phospholipid bilayer that forms a selectively permeable boundary of the cell.

A

Plasma Membrane

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3
Q

Give the three functions of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum.

A

Synthesis of Lipids
Glycogen Metabolism
Stores Calcium

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4
Q

These are ribosomes that produce proteins used within the cell.

A

Free Ribosomes

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5
Q

What is the major function of the Nucleolus?

A

Synthesis of ribosomes

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6
Q

The nucleus and centrosome is also duplicated.

A

S Phase

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7
Q

What is the major function of the Nuclear Envelope?

A

It separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

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8
Q

What are the three phases under the Interphase?

A

G1 Phase
S Phase
G2 Phase

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9
Q

During _________, constriction of the ring produces a cleavage furrow and progresses until the cytoplasm and its organelles are divided into two daughter cells.

A

Cytokinesis

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10
Q

What is the major function of the Cytoplasm?

A

It is responsible for many cellular processes.

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11
Q

During this phase, the two centrosomes with their now-duplicated centrioles separate and migrate to opposite poles of the cell and organize the microtubules of the mitotic spindle.

A

Prophase

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12
Q

What are trans face Golgi stacks?

A

shipping sites away from the ER

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13
Q

What are the major functions of the Cytoskeleton?

A

Provide mechanical strength
Establish cell shape
Locomotion
Intracellular transport

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14
Q

What is the major function of Ribosomes?

A

Protein Synthesis

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15
Q

The period primarily devoted to DNA replication.

A

S Phase

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16
Q

It is a large rounded or oval structure that is enclosed within a double membrane.

A

Nucleus

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17
Q

What are the four phases of Mitosis?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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18
Q

What is the other function of the cytosol asides from providing support?

A

This is where diffusion occurs

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19
Q

It is a large prominent structure that is found within the nucleus.

A

Nucleolus

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20
Q

These are composed of 9 sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring, and it replicates before cell division.

A

Centrioles

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21
Q

A short period of preparation for mitosis.

A

G2 Phase

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22
Q

It is the basic structural and unit of all forms of life.

A

Cell

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23
Q

It is a double-membrane boundary that separates the cytoplasm and nuclear components; continuous with rough ER.

A

Nuclear Envelope

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24
Q

What are the functions of Peroxisomes?

A

It detoxifies harmful substances and engage in beta oxidation of FA to acetyl coA.

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25
Q

During this phase, the cell is now more spherical, and the microtubules move the chromosomes into alignment at the equatorial plate.

A

Metaphase

26
Q

During this phase, the microtubules begin to depolymerize, and the nuclear envelope begins to reassemble.

A

Telophase

27
Q

The cell cycle is divided into two major phases which are _______________.

A

Interphase and Mitotic Phase (Mitosis)

28
Q

What are cis face Golgi stacks?

A

receiving sites near the ER

29
Q

The cells grow physically larger, copy its organelles, and makes the molecular building blocks that will be needed in the next steps of cell division.

A

G1 Phase

30
Q

It is a viscous fluid medium that provides support for the organelles.

A

Cytosol

31
Q

What are the functions of Lysosomes?

A

It contains hydrolytic enzymes to digest proteins.
Autophagy
Intracellular digestion

32
Q

It increases the membrane surface area for greater absorption.

A

Microvilli

33
Q

These are organelles composed of both protein and rRNA that are organized into both a large and small subunit.

A

Ribosomes

34
Q

During this phase, the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles.

A

Anaphase

35
Q

During this phase, actual cell division occurs.

A

Mitotic Phase

36
Q

Where are lysosomes formed?

A

At the Golgi apparatus

37
Q

Describe the cisternae of Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

physically connected to each other

38
Q

Describe the cisternae of Golgi Apparatus

A

flattened, not physically connected to each other

39
Q

This is where the synthesis of secretory proteins, cell membrane proteins, and organelle proteins occur.

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

40
Q

These are ribosomes that produce proteins that are secreted, incorporated into plasma membrane, and within lysosomes.

A

Bound Ribosomes

41
Q

What are the major functions of the plasma membrane?

A

Physical barrier
Regulates material movement
Maintain electrical charge
Cell communication

42
Q

It is a spherical-shaped, membranous structure that is formed from the Golgi apparatus.

A

Lysosomes

43
Q

A double-membrane bound organelle containing a circular strand of DNA.

A

Mitochondria

44
Q

These are smaller, spherical-shaped organelles formed from the ER, and contains oxidative enzymes.

A

Peroxisomes

45
Q

The major site for carbohydrate synthesis is _________.

A

Golgi Apparatus

46
Q

The cell grows even more, makes protein and organelles. and re-organizes its content prior to mitosis.

A

G2 Phase

47
Q

What is the major function of the Mitochondria?

A

It serves as an energy transformer of the cell by synthesizing most ATP.

48
Q

Nucleus contains ___________.

A

chromatin, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm

49
Q

It gives a platform for the organelles to do their specific functions.

A

Cytoplasm

50
Q

During this phase, the nucleolus disappears and the replicated chromatin condenses into thread-like chromosomes.

A

Prophase

51
Q

It moves substances over the cell.

A

Cilia

52
Q

A region near the nucleus from which microtubules sprouts. It contains a pair of centriole.

A

Centrosomes

53
Q

It consists of a network of membranous tubules and sacs called cisternae.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

54
Q

The period in which the cells accumulate the enzymes and nucleotides.

A

G1 Phase

55
Q

What are the major functions of Centrosome?

A

It organizes microtubules
Participates in mitotic spindle formation

56
Q

During this phase, the cell will grow and double its size and organelles, and make a copy of its DNA.

A

Interphase

57
Q

It is the backbone of the cell, which is an organized network of protein filaments.

A

Cytoskeleton

58
Q

During this phase, the two sets of chromosomes are at the spindle poles and begin reverting to their uncondensed state.

A

Telophase

59
Q

They carry out specific metabolic activities of the cell.

A

Organelles

60
Q

The ________ serves as the sorting and dispatching station for the products of ER.

A

Golgi Apparatus

61
Q

It provides locomotion for the cell, and propels the sperm.

A

Flagella

Human Histology (12 decks)

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