Connective Tissue Flashcards
Why are reticular fibers PAS +?
Due to their high sugar content
It provides a framework for cells in the hematopoietic tissue and lymphoid organs.
Reticular Connective Tissue
A substance released by mast cells that acts as an anti-coagulant.
Heparin
Dendritic cells are typically found in the _________.
Lymph nodes, spleen
It features bundles of essentially parallel type I collagen, providing great strength (but little stretch) in binding together components of the muscoskeletal system.
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Reticular fibers stain poorly with _________.
H&E
Where is type 3 collagen prominent?
Cellular tissues such as lymphoid organs, liver, and bone marrow
It is an amorphous, semi-solid gel, transparent material that fills the space between cells and fibers in the connective tissue.
Ground Substance
Reticular Connective Tissue is produced by ___________.
Modified fibroblasts called “reticular cells”
The main structural collagen of hyaline cartilage and consists of fibrils in the cartilage ground substance.
Type 2
Where are Loose Connective Tissue usually found?
Surrounds small blood vessels, and adjacent to other types of epithelia
They originate from blood cell precursors and are filled with granules for the release of various vasoactive agents and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions.
Mast Cells
Connective tissue is the _______ tissue in the body.
most abundant
Microglial cells are typically found in the _________.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Reticular Fibers originated from _________.
Type 3 Collagen
It has binding sites for integrins, type IV collagen, and specific proteoglycans, providing adhesion for epithelial and other cells.
Laminin
A key proteoglycan in all basal laminae.
Perlecan
It synthesizes and secretes the components of ECM.
Fibroblasts
The _________ is the major constituent of connective tissue.
Extracellular Matrix
They provide surveillance against bacterial invaders and stimulating tissue repair.
Leukocytes
It is the main fiber type found in most supporting tissue.
Collagen
It is the inactive form of fibroblasts.
Fibrocytes
How would you describe the appearance of Mucoid Tissue?
- Abundant ground substance
- Sparse Collagen Fibers
- Scattered Fibroblasts
The binding sites for collagens and certain GAGs, and forms insoluble fibrillary networks throughout connective tissue.
Fibronectin
Type 3 collagen is initially recognized by its ________.
Affinity for silver salts
Mast cells are primarily involved in __________.
Inflammatory and allergic reactions
A large, core protein heavily bound with chondroitin and keratin sulfate chain.
Aggrecan
________ are Argyrophilic due to their affinity for silver stains.
Reticular Fibers
It gives metabolic support to the cells by serving as the medium for diffusion of nutrients and waste products.
Interstitial Fluid
Fibroblasts are targeted by many ____________.
Growth Factors
3 Components of the Connective Tissue
- Cells
- Fibers
- Ground Substance
Types of Collagen
1, 2, 3, 4, and 7
These cells are typically found in the lymph nodes and spleen.
Dendritic Cells
These are macrophages present in the connective tissue.
Histiocytes
What do you call the mucoid tissue in the umbilical cord?
Wharton’s Jelly
These cells are typically found in the liver.
Kupffer Cells
It is a gel-like connective tissue with few cells found most abundantly around blood vessels in the umbilical cord.
Mucoid Tissue
Kupffer cells are typically found in the _______.
Liver
_________ influence cell growth and differentiation.
Growth Factors
Monocytes originated from __________.
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
The main structural collagen and is found in fibrous supporting tissues, skin, ligaments, tendons, and bones.
Type 1
A substance release by mast cells that attracts eosinophils and neutrophils.
Eosinophil and Neutrophil Chemotactic Factors
Collagen is secreted by connective tissue cells in the form of _________.
Tropocollagen monomer
These cells are typically found in the CNS.
Microglial Cells
Macrophages are abundant at _____________.
Sites of Inflammation
These are long polymers of repeating disaccharide units, usually a hexosamine and hexouronic acid.
Glycosaminoglycans (Mucopolysaccharides)
3 Main Types of Fibers
- Collagen
- Reticular
- Elastic
Where are reticular fibers commonly found?
In the lymphoid organs, bone marrow, and liver.
These are elongated structures formed from proteins that polymerize after secretion from fibroblasts.
Fibers
Reticular fibers contain _____ of carbohydrates.
10%
These are the major cells and most abundant cells of the connective tissue.
Fibroblasts
Mast cell granules display ___________.
Metachromasia
It has multiple binding sites for cell surface integrins and for other matrix macromolecules.
Multiadhesive or Structural Glycoproteins
It has relatively more ground substance than collagen.
Loose Connective Tissue
These cells are typically found in the epidermis.
Langerhans Cell
Type 3 collagen is initially recognized by its affinity for silver salts and was called ________.
Reticulin
A substance release by mast cells that activates mediators of inflammation.
Serine Proteases
Ground substance is rich in __________.
GAGs and water
The precursor cell of macrophages is ________.
Monocytes
Fibrocytes are also known as __________.
Quiescent Cell
It is arranged as fibers and or discontinuous sheets in the extracellular matrix where it confers the properties of stretching and elastic recoil.
Elastic Fibers
A fibroblast involved in wound healing is called __________.
Myofibroblasts
It consists of delicate networks of type III collagen and is most abundant in certain lymphoid organs where the fibers form attachment sites for lymphocytes and other immune cells.
Reticular Connective Tissue
Components of the ECM
- Large Protein Fibers
- Ground Substance
It is specialized to support and physically connect other tissues and maintain the water needed for metabolite diffusion.
Connective Tissue
These are very large cells specialized for the storage of triglycerides.
Adipocytes
Describe the appearance of Fibrocytes
- Smaller than Fibroblasts
- Darker, heterochromatic nuclei
- Less RER
- Less branches
- Spindle-shaped
These cells are typically found in the blood.
Monocytes
It forms special anchoring fibrils that link ECM to basement membrane.
Type 7
It is a mixture of glycoproteins and complex carbohydrates with profound water-binding ability.
Ground Substance
A substance release by mast cells that is converted into prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
Phospholipid
These are short-lived cells that differentiate in connective tissue from precursor cells.
Macrophages
This type of cell is numerous in Loose Connective Tissue
Fibroblasts
It is the embryological tissue from which all types of supporting/connective tissues are derived.
Mesenchymal Cells
Describe the appearance of Mesenchymal Cells
- Irregular, star or spindle-shaped
- Delicate branching cytoplasmic extensions
- Dispersed chromatin and visible nucleoli
A substance released by mast cells which promotes increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction.
Histamine
These are short-lived cells that differentiate from B lymphocytes and are specialized for the abundant secretion of specific antibodies.
Plasma Cells
How would you describe the presence of connective tissue cells in the ECM?
Scattered
It has a delicate consistency; flexible and not very resistant to stress.
Loose Connective Tissue
Mesenchymal Cells, Fibroblasts/Fibrocytes, Adipocytes are examples of ___________.
Fixed/Resident Cells
Mesenchymal cells are relatively ________ and are capable of _________.
unspecialized, differentiation
A substance release by mast cells which directs activities of leukocytes.
Cytokines
How would you describe the fibroblasts?
- Elongated
- Irregular shaped
- Oval nuclei
- Irregular branched cytoplasm
- Prominent nucleolus
- Euchromatic nucleus
- Well developed Golgi
- Much RER
Monocytes are typically found in the ________.
Blood
Functions of Macrophages
- ECM Turnover
- Phagocytosis
- Antigen Presentation
- Secretion of Growth Factors
Why is collagen selected during evolution?
Because of its ability to create fibers, sheets, and networks that are extremely strong and resistant to normal shearing and tearing forces.
Molecules Released from Mast Cells
- Histamine
- Heparin
- Serine Proteases
- Eosinophil and Neutrophil Chemotactic Factors
- Cytokines
- Phospholipid
Elastic fibers are composed of proteins _______ and _________.
Elastin and Fibrillin
A network/mesh-forming collagen and is an important constituent of basement membrane.
Type 4
Mucoid tissue is similar to the tissue found in the ____________.
Vitreous humor and Pulp Cavity
It consists of a core protein to which are covalently attached various numbers and combinations of the sulfated GAGs.
Proteoglycans
It is the most abundant protein in the human body.
Collagen
The Major Components of Ground Substance
- Glycosaminoglycans
- Proteoglycans
- Multiadhesive or Structural Glycoproteins
Langerhans cells are typically found in the _________.
Epidermis
Macrophages, Mast Cells, Plasma Cells, and Leukocytes are examples of ___________.
Wandering/Transient Cells
Functions of Connective Tissue
- Attachment
- Transport
- Defense
- Storage
- Structural Framework
It is filled primarily with randomly distributed bundles of type I collagen, with some elastic fibers, providing resistance to tearing from all directions as well as some elasticity.
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
How is connective tissue proper classified?
Depending on the amount of collagen and ground substance present.
It has fewer cells, mostly fibroblasts, and a clear predominance of bundled type I collagen fibers over ground substance.
Dense Connective Tissue
It forms the delicate branched “reticular.”
Type 3
All connective tissue originated from __________.
Embryonic Mesenchyme
Water in the ground substance of connective tissue is referred to as ____________.
Interstitial Fluid
Adipocytes that predominate in a specialized form of connective tissue is called __________.
Adipose Tissue
