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Human Histology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Why are reticular fibers PAS +?

A

Due to their high sugar content

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2
Q

It provides a framework for cells in the hematopoietic tissue and lymphoid organs.

A

Reticular Connective Tissue

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3
Q

A substance released by mast cells that acts as an anti-coagulant.

A

Heparin

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4
Q

Dendritic cells are typically found in the _________.

A

Lymph nodes, spleen

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5
Q

It features bundles of essentially parallel type I collagen, providing great strength (but little stretch) in binding together components of the muscoskeletal system.

A

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

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6
Q

Reticular fibers stain poorly with _________.

A

H&E

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7
Q

Where is type 3 collagen prominent?

A

Cellular tissues such as lymphoid organs, liver, and bone marrow

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8
Q

It is an amorphous, semi-solid gel, transparent material that fills the space between cells and fibers in the connective tissue.

A

Ground Substance

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9
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue is produced by ___________.

A

Modified fibroblasts called “reticular cells”

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10
Q

The main structural collagen of hyaline cartilage and consists of fibrils in the cartilage ground substance.

A

Type 2

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11
Q

Where are Loose Connective Tissue usually found?

A

Surrounds small blood vessels, and adjacent to other types of epithelia

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12
Q

They originate from blood cell precursors and are filled with granules for the release of various vasoactive agents and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions.

A

Mast Cells

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13
Q

Connective tissue is the _______ tissue in the body.

A

most abundant

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14
Q

Microglial cells are typically found in the _________.

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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15
Q

Reticular Fibers originated from _________.

A

Type 3 Collagen

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16
Q

It has binding sites for integrins, type IV collagen, and specific proteoglycans, providing adhesion for epithelial and other cells.

A

Laminin

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17
Q

A key proteoglycan in all basal laminae.

A

Perlecan

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18
Q

It synthesizes and secretes the components of ECM.

A

Fibroblasts

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19
Q

The _________ is the major constituent of connective tissue.

A

Extracellular Matrix

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20
Q

They provide surveillance against bacterial invaders and stimulating tissue repair.

A

Leukocytes

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21
Q

It is the main fiber type found in most supporting tissue.

A

Collagen

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22
Q

It is the inactive form of fibroblasts.

A

Fibrocytes

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23
Q

How would you describe the appearance of Mucoid Tissue?

A
  • Abundant ground substance
  • Sparse Collagen Fibers
  • Scattered Fibroblasts
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24
Q

The binding sites for collagens and certain GAGs, and forms insoluble fibrillary networks throughout connective tissue.

A

Fibronectin

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25
Q

Type 3 collagen is initially recognized by its ________.

A

Affinity for silver salts

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26
Q

Mast cells are primarily involved in __________.

A

Inflammatory and allergic reactions

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27
Q

A large, core protein heavily bound with chondroitin and keratin sulfate chain.

A

Aggrecan

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28
Q

________ are Argyrophilic due to their affinity for silver stains.

A

Reticular Fibers

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29
Q

It gives metabolic support to the cells by serving as the medium for diffusion of nutrients and waste products.

A

Interstitial Fluid

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30
Q

Fibroblasts are targeted by many ____________.

A

Growth Factors

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31
Q

3 Components of the Connective Tissue

A
  1. Cells
  2. Fibers
  3. Ground Substance
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32
Q

Types of Collagen

A

1, 2, 3, 4, and 7

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33
Q

These cells are typically found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

A

Dendritic Cells

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34
Q

These are macrophages present in the connective tissue.

A

Histiocytes

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35
Q

What do you call the mucoid tissue in the umbilical cord?

A

Wharton’s Jelly

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36
Q

These cells are typically found in the liver.

A

Kupffer Cells

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37
Q

It is a gel-like connective tissue with few cells found most abundantly around blood vessels in the umbilical cord.

A

Mucoid Tissue

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38
Q

Kupffer cells are typically found in the _______.

A

Liver

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39
Q

_________ influence cell growth and differentiation.

A

Growth Factors

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40
Q

Monocytes originated from __________.

A

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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41
Q

The main structural collagen and is found in fibrous supporting tissues, skin, ligaments, tendons, and bones.

A

Type 1

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42
Q

A substance release by mast cells that attracts eosinophils and neutrophils.

A

Eosinophil and Neutrophil Chemotactic Factors

43
Q

Collagen is secreted by connective tissue cells in the form of _________.

A

Tropocollagen monomer

44
Q

These cells are typically found in the CNS.

A

Microglial Cells

45
Q

Macrophages are abundant at _____________.

A

Sites of Inflammation

46
Q

These are long polymers of repeating disaccharide units, usually a hexosamine and hexouronic acid.

A

Glycosaminoglycans (Mucopolysaccharides)

47
Q

3 Main Types of Fibers

A
  • Collagen
  • Reticular
  • Elastic
48
Q

Where are reticular fibers commonly found?

A

In the lymphoid organs, bone marrow, and liver.

49
Q

These are elongated structures formed from proteins that polymerize after secretion from fibroblasts.

A

Fibers

50
Q

Reticular fibers contain _____ of carbohydrates.

A

10%

51
Q

These are the major cells and most abundant cells of the connective tissue.

A

Fibroblasts

52
Q

Mast cell granules display ___________.

A

Metachromasia

53
Q

It has multiple binding sites for cell surface integrins and for other matrix macromolecules.

A

Multiadhesive or Structural Glycoproteins

54
Q

It has relatively more ground substance than collagen.

A

Loose Connective Tissue

55
Q

These cells are typically found in the epidermis.

A

Langerhans Cell

56
Q

Type 3 collagen is initially recognized by its affinity for silver salts and was called ________.

A

Reticulin

57
Q

A substance release by mast cells that activates mediators of inflammation.

A

Serine Proteases

58
Q

Ground substance is rich in __________.

A

GAGs and water

59
Q

The precursor cell of macrophages is ________.

A

Monocytes

60
Q

Fibrocytes are also known as __________.

A

Quiescent Cell

61
Q

It is arranged as fibers and or discontinuous sheets in the extracellular matrix where it confers the properties of stretching and elastic recoil.

A

Elastic Fibers

62
Q

A fibroblast involved in wound healing is called __________.

A

Myofibroblasts

63
Q

It consists of delicate networks of type III collagen and is most abundant in certain lymphoid organs where the fibers form attachment sites for lymphocytes and other immune cells.

A

Reticular Connective Tissue

64
Q

Components of the ECM

A
  1. Large Protein Fibers
  2. Ground Substance
65
Q

It is specialized to support and physically connect other tissues and maintain the water needed for metabolite diffusion.

A

Connective Tissue

66
Q

These are very large cells specialized for the storage of triglycerides.

A

Adipocytes

67
Q

Describe the appearance of Fibrocytes

A
  • Smaller than Fibroblasts
  • Darker, heterochromatic nuclei
  • Less RER
  • Less branches
  • Spindle-shaped
68
Q

These cells are typically found in the blood.

A

Monocytes

69
Q

It forms special anchoring fibrils that link ECM to basement membrane.

A

Type 7

70
Q

It is a mixture of glycoproteins and complex carbohydrates with profound water-binding ability.

A

Ground Substance

71
Q

A substance release by mast cells that is converted into prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

A

Phospholipid

72
Q

These are short-lived cells that differentiate in connective tissue from precursor cells.

A

Macrophages

73
Q

This type of cell is numerous in Loose Connective Tissue

A

Fibroblasts

74
Q

It is the embryological tissue from which all types of supporting/connective tissues are derived.

A

Mesenchymal Cells

75
Q

Describe the appearance of Mesenchymal Cells

A
  • Irregular, star or spindle-shaped
  • Delicate branching cytoplasmic extensions
  • Dispersed chromatin and visible nucleoli
76
Q

A substance released by mast cells which promotes increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction.

A

Histamine

77
Q

These are short-lived cells that differentiate from B lymphocytes and are specialized for the abundant secretion of specific antibodies.

A

Plasma Cells

78
Q

How would you describe the presence of connective tissue cells in the ECM?

A

Scattered

79
Q

It has a delicate consistency; flexible and not very resistant to stress.

A

Loose Connective Tissue

80
Q

Mesenchymal Cells, Fibroblasts/Fibrocytes, Adipocytes are examples of ___________.

A

Fixed/Resident Cells

81
Q

Mesenchymal cells are relatively ________ and are capable of _________.

A

unspecialized, differentiation

82
Q

A substance release by mast cells which directs activities of leukocytes.

A

Cytokines

83
Q

How would you describe the fibroblasts?

A
  • Elongated
  • Irregular shaped
  • Oval nuclei
  • Irregular branched cytoplasm
  • Prominent nucleolus
  • Euchromatic nucleus
  • Well developed Golgi
  • Much RER
84
Q

Monocytes are typically found in the ________.

A

Blood

85
Q

Functions of Macrophages

A
  • ECM Turnover
  • Phagocytosis
  • Antigen Presentation
  • Secretion of Growth Factors
86
Q

Why is collagen selected during evolution?

A

Because of its ability to create fibers, sheets, and networks that are extremely strong and resistant to normal shearing and tearing forces.

87
Q

Molecules Released from Mast Cells

A
  • Histamine
  • Heparin
  • Serine Proteases
  • Eosinophil and Neutrophil Chemotactic Factors
  • Cytokines
  • Phospholipid
88
Q

Elastic fibers are composed of proteins _______ and _________.

A

Elastin and Fibrillin

89
Q

A network/mesh-forming collagen and is an important constituent of basement membrane.

A

Type 4

90
Q

Mucoid tissue is similar to the tissue found in the ____________.

A

Vitreous humor and Pulp Cavity

91
Q

It consists of a core protein to which are covalently attached various numbers and combinations of the sulfated GAGs.

A

Proteoglycans

92
Q

It is the most abundant protein in the human body.

A

Collagen

93
Q

The Major Components of Ground Substance

A
  • Glycosaminoglycans
  • Proteoglycans
  • Multiadhesive or Structural Glycoproteins
94
Q

Langerhans cells are typically found in the _________.

A

Epidermis

95
Q

Macrophages, Mast Cells, Plasma Cells, and Leukocytes are examples of ___________.

A

Wandering/Transient Cells

96
Q

Functions of Connective Tissue

A
  • Attachment
  • Transport
  • Defense
  • Storage
  • Structural Framework
97
Q

It is filled primarily with randomly distributed bundles of type I collagen, with some elastic fibers, providing resistance to tearing from all directions as well as some elasticity.

A

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

98
Q

How is connective tissue proper classified?

A

Depending on the amount of collagen and ground substance present.

99
Q

It has fewer cells, mostly fibroblasts, and a clear predominance of bundled type I collagen fibers over ground substance.

A

Dense Connective Tissue

100
Q

It forms the delicate branched “reticular.”

A

Type 3

101
Q

All connective tissue originated from __________.

A

Embryonic Mesenchyme

102
Q

Water in the ground substance of connective tissue is referred to as ____________.

A

Interstitial Fluid

103
Q

Adipocytes that predominate in a specialized form of connective tissue is called __________.

A

Adipose Tissue

Human Histology (12 decks)

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