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Epithelial Tissues Flashcards

Prelims

1
Q

It has several long secretory portions that join together to drain in 1 duct.

A

Simple Branched Tubular

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2
Q

They have epithelial ducts carrying their secretions to specific sites.

A

Exocrine Glands

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3
Q

It involves the release of products by means of exocytosis at the apical end of the secretory cells.

A

Merocrine Secretion

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4
Q

What are the 4 Basic Tissue Types?

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
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5
Q

Elaborate the characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

A
  1. Variable in shape and dimensions
  2. The cells’ size and morphology is dictated by their function.
  3. Nuclei vary in shape, and corresponds to the cell shape.
  4. The number and shape of stained nuclei is an indicator of the cells’ shape and density which is an important criterion for classifying epithelia.
  5. Polarity
  6. Lie at the basement membrane
  7. Avascular
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6
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Conjunctiva

A

Stratified Columnar

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7
Q

What are the 2 main functions of an epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Lining of surface or body cavities
  2. Glandular secretion
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8
Q

What are the transmembrane link proteins found in gap junctions?

A

Connexins

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9
Q

These are larger projecting structures with a well-organized core of microtubules that propel material along a surface.

A

Cilia

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10
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Urinary Tract

A

Transitional

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11
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Trachea

A

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar

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12
Q

Oligosaccharide components of mucus stain well with _________.

A

PAS stain

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13
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Skin

A

Stratified Squamous Keratinized

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14
Q

A square/cuboid shape of of the cell

A

Cuboidal

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15
Q

It faces the lumen (space).

A

Apical Pole

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16
Q

How can we describe the amount of extracellular matrix in epithelial tissue?

A

Small

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17
Q

How can we describe the amount of extracellular matrix in muscle tissue?

A

Moderate

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18
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Uterine Tube

A

Simple Columnar

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19
Q

A layer of the ovaries and seminiferous tubules.

A

Germinal Epithelium

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20
Q

Give an example of Merocrine secretion

A

Most exocrine glands

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21
Q

It is made up of flat cells that lines the blood vessels.

A

Endothelium

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22
Q

These are exocrine glands producing mucus.

A

Mucous Glands

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23
Q

These are glands that do not have their ducts branch.

A

Simple Glands

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24
Q

What are examples of simple coiled tubular glands?

A

Sweat glands

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25
Q

Elaborate the functions of Epithelial Tissue

A
  1. Lining and covering of internal and external surfaces
  2. Protection against abrasion and injury
  3. Absorption of materials
  4. Transportation of materials
  5. Gas exchange
  6. Secretion
  7. Lubrication
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26
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Lining of Loop of Henle

A

Simple Squamous

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27
Q

What are the main functions of a connective tissue?

A

Support and protection of tissues/organs

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28
Q

It functions in the synthesis and secretion of specialized products.

A

Secretory Epithelia and Glands

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29
Q

A thin meshwork of type IV collagen and laminin produced by the epithelial cells.

A

Basal Lamina

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30
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Urinary Bladder

A

Transitional

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31
Q

How can we describe the cells of nervous tissue?

A

Elongated with extremely fine processes

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32
Q

How can we describe epithelial cells?

A

Aggregated, polyhedral cells

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33
Q

What are examples of simple branched tubular glands?

A

Glands in the uterus and stomach

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34
Q

These are glands that have their ducts branch.

A

Compound Glands

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35
Q

It is a tissue in which cells are bound tightly together to form a sheet-like or tubular structure.

A

Epithelial Tissue

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36
Q

What are the main functions of muscle tissue?

A

Strong contraction and body movements

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37
Q

Why do serous glands stain darkly with H&E?

A

Because of its RER and secretory granules.

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38
Q

These are small membrane proteins that increases epithelial cell’s apical surface area for absorption.

A

Microvilli

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39
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Lining of Kidney Tubules

A

Simple Cuboidal

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40
Q

What are the apical structures found on epithelial cells?

A

Microvilli, Stereocillia, and Cilia

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41
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Glomerular Capsule

A

Simple Squamous

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42
Q

Elaborate the different classes of Simple Glands

A
  1. Simple Tubular
  2. Simple Branched Tubular
  3. Simple Coiled Tubular
  4. Simple Acinar
  5. Simple Branched Acinar
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43
Q

It secretes mucus and creates a layer of protection.

A

Goblet Cells

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44
Q

It seals adjacent cells to one another, controlling the passage of molecules between them, and separates the apical and basolateral membrane domains.

A

Occluding or Tight Junctions

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45
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Ducts of Sweat Glands

A

Stratified Cuboidal

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46
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Vagina

A

Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized

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47
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Anal Canal

A

Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized

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48
Q

What are the functions of the basement membrane?

A
  • Attach the epithelia to the connective tissue
  • Regulate (filter) substances
  • Provides a guide or scaffold during tissue generation
  • Compartmentalize epithelial cells
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49
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Fallopian Tube

A

Ciliated Simple Columnar

50
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Small Intestine

A

Simple Columnar

51
Q

How can we describe the amount of extracellular matrix in nervous tissue?

A

Very small

52
Q

It has an elongated secretory portion, and its duct is usually short or absent.

A

Simple Tubular

53
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Bowman’s Capsule

A

Simple Squamous

54
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Bronchi

A

Pseudostratified Columnar

55
Q

It involves the loss of membrane-enclosed apical cytoplasm.

A

Apocrine Secretion

56
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Endothelium

A

Simple Squamous

57
Q

It has ducts of both tubular and acinar secretory units converge at larger ducts.

A

Compound Tubuloacinar

58
Q

Give an example of Holocrine secretion

A

Sebaceous glands

59
Q

Basket cells, to remodel scars in the skin.

A

Myoepithelium

60
Q

What are the two parts of the basement membrane?

A

Basal Lamina and Reticular Lamina

61
Q

What is the main function of the nervous tissue?

A

Transmission of nerve impulses

62
Q

It is a 6 protein-subunit that makes up the connexons.

63
Q

These are glands that lack ducts.

A

Endocrine Glands

64
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Esophagus

A

Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized

65
Q

How are the secretions of endocrine glands carried and transported?

A

Via the interstitial fluid and blood

66
Q

How many microtubules does an axoneme have?

67
Q

What are the transmembrane link proteins found in adherent junctions?

A

E-cadherin and catenin complex

68
Q

What are the 5 types of Junctional Complexes?

A
  1. Occluding or Tight Junctions
  2. Adherent Junctions
  3. Desmosomes or Macula Adherens
  4. Hemidesmosomes
  5. Gap or Communicating Junctions
69
Q

What are examples of simple tubular glands?

A
  • Mucous glands of the colon
  • Intestinal glands or crypts
70
Q

What are the 3 Modes of Secretion by glands?

A
  • Merocrine
  • Holocrine
  • Apocrine
71
Q

It anchors the cytoskeleton to the basal lamina.

A

Hemidesmosomes

72
Q

What are examples of compound acinar glands?

A

Exocrine Pancreas

73
Q

It has a rounded, saclike secretory portion.

A

Simple Acinar

74
Q

What are examples of compound tubuloacinar glands?

A

Salivary glands

75
Q

What are the transmembrane link proteins found in desmosomes?

A

Cadherin Family (desmogleins, and desmocollin)

76
Q

Transitional Epithelium or Urothelium is under _________.

A

Stratified Epithelium

77
Q

Classification of Epithelia Based on Cell Shape

A
  • Squamous
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar
78
Q

A serous lining of cavities such as pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum.

A

Mesothelium

79
Q

How can we describe the cells of muscle tissue?

A

Elongated contractile

80
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Cervix

A

Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized

81
Q

It faces the connective tissue and basement membrane.

A

Basal Pole

82
Q

It allows direct transfer of small molecules and ions from one cell to another.

A

Gap or Communicating Junctions

83
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Mouth

A

Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized

84
Q

It is the lining of the uterus.

A

Endometrium

85
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Mesothelium

A

Simple Squamous

86
Q

What are the transmembrane link proteins found in hemidesmosomes?

87
Q

Classification of Epithelia Based on Function (functional epithelium)

A
  • Mesothelium
  • Endothelium
  • Myoepithelium
  • Endometrium
  • Germinal Epithelium
  • Glandular Epithelium
88
Q

Together, the _______ and ________ attach the epithelia to the connective tissue.

A

Basal and Reticular Lamina

89
Q

It is responsible for the movement of cilia.

90
Q

What are examples of simple acinar glands?

A

Small mucous glands along the urethra

91
Q

It functions in secretions.

A

Glandular Epithelium

92
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Thyroid

A

Simple Cuboidal

93
Q

How can we describe the amount of extracellular matrix in connective tissue?

94
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Lining of the Stomach

A

Simple Columnar

95
Q

All the substances that enter or leave an organ must cross this type of tissue.

A

Epithelial Tissue

96
Q

What are the transmembrane link proteins found in tight junctions?

A

Occludins, claudins, and ZO proteins

97
Q

Classification of Epithelia Based on the Number of Cell Layers

A
  • Simple Epithelium
  • Stratified Epithelium
98
Q

Give an example of Apocrine secretion

A

Mammary glands

99
Q

Pseudostratified Epithelium is under _________.

A

Simple Epithelium

100
Q

Classification of Epithelia Based on the Surface Modification of the Cell

A
  • Ciliated
  • Keratinized/Non-Keratinized
101
Q

It has several elongated coiled secretory units and their ducts converge to form larger ducts.

A

Compound Tubular

102
Q

A tall and rectangular shape of the cell

103
Q

It contains type III collagen and anchoring fibers of type VII collagen.

A

Reticular Lamina

104
Q

Oligosaccharide components of mucus stain poorly with _________.

A

routine dyes

105
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Male Urethra

A

Stratified Columnar

106
Q

A flat-shaped cell

107
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Gallbladder

A

Non-ciliated Simple Columnar

108
Q

It has multiple saclike secretory portions entering the same duct.

A

Simple Branched Acinar

109
Q

It provides points linking the cytoskeleton of adjacent cells, and strengthens and stabilizes nearby tight junction.

A

Adherent Junction

110
Q

What are examples of compound tubular glands?

A

Submucosal mucous glands in the duodenum

111
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Alveoli

A

Simple Squamous

112
Q

Which Type of Epithelium?
- Ducts of Glands

A

Simple Cuboidal

113
Q

How can we describe the cells of connective tissue?

A

Fixed and wandering

114
Q

These are exocrine glands producing largely enzymes (proteins).

A

Serous Glands

115
Q

It has several saclike secretory units with small ducts converge at a larger duct.

A

Compound Acinar

116
Q

It is a thin extracellular layer of specialized proteins, which also acts as a semipermeable filter for substances reaching epithelial cells from below.

A

Basement Membrane

117
Q

What are examples of simple branched acinar glands?

A

Sebaceous glands

118
Q

It is produced by the disintegration of the secretory cells themselves as they complete their terminal differentiation, which involves becoming filled with the product.

A

Holocrine Secretion

119
Q

Its secretory portion is very long and coiled.

A

Simple Coiled Tubular

120
Q

These are long microvilli with specialized mechanosensory function, which also increases surface area for absorption; longer and less motile with distal branches.

A

Stereocillia

121
Q

It provides points of strong intermediate filaments coupling between adjacent cells, which strengthens the tissue.

A

Desmosomes

Human Histology (12 decks)

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