the cardiovascular system Flashcards
what are the 5 functions of the cardiovascular system
- circulates blood to all parts of the body
- transports wastes, including carbon dioxide away from the cells
- transports water, oxygen and nutrients to the cells
- maintains correct body temperature
- helps fight disease through the white blood cells and the antibodies contained in blood
what is stoke volume (SV)
stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by each beat of the heart
what is cardiac output (Q)
is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. it can he worked out by multiplying SV x HR.
- Q= SV x HR
what is the cardiac cycle
the cardiac cycle is the process of the heart filling with blood then pumping the blood to the rest of the body via the arterial system
what is the term systole
when the heart contracts, it forces blood out via the ventricles and into the arteries
what is the term diastole
when the heart relaxes, it fills with blood from the veins
label the heart
what are the chambers of the heart
2 upper chambers, the atria. they are responsible for receiving blood. the 2 lower changes, the ventricles are responsible for pumping blood throughout the body (so they are more muscular than the artia
what does the right side of the heart do
the right side of the heart receives and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
what does the left side of the heart do
the left side of the heart is larger and receives and pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body
what are the stages of the cardiac cycle
what are the blood functions
- transporting gases, fuels and minerals around the body
- protection against dehydration
- maintaining equilibrium (homeostasis) via enzyme and hormone regulation
- thermoregulation
- carrying cells and antibodies to fight protection
- bringing wastes products to the kidney’s and liver, which filter and clean the blood
what are red blood cells
red blood cells carry oxygen from your lungs to the muscles, oxygen is used in the muscles and converted to carbon dioxide when the muscles work. they contain haemoglobin, which is the substance that carries oxygen and what makes the blood red.
what are white blood cells
white blood cells detect and deal with infection or foreign molecules that enter your body. they will produce antibodies to fight the infection and help with other immune responses. they are larger than red blood cells and come in a variety of shapes and sizes, while only having a lifespan of a couple of days.
what are platelets
platelets causes a blood clot when a blood vessel is damaged and are produced in the bone marrow.
what are blood vessels and what are the 3 types of blood vessels.
blood vessels are channels that carry blood throughout your body. the 3 three types of blood vessels are arteries, capillaries and veins
what are arteries
arteries are responsible for carrying blood away from the heart to enter the body or the lungs. the aorta is the largest artery and is attached to the left ventricle. due to the large amount of blood which flows through the arteries to alter their shape and assist with blood flow.
what are coronary arteries
coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. heart disease is usually caused by blockages or other such issues in the coranoy arteries.
what are veins
veins carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart, by collecting it from all around the body.
what are capillaries
capillaries are the smallest blood vessel, with very thin walls. they transport blood, nutrients, and oxygen to cels in your organs and body systems.
what is the systematic system
the systematic system is powered by the left ventricle and pumps oxygenated blood around the body. once the blood has been pumped through the body it is returned to the atrium-low in oxygen.
what is the pulmonary system
the pulmonary system is powered by the right ventricle and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. once the blood has been pumped through the lungs, it returns to the left atrium- high in oxygen.
what is blood pressure
blood pressure is the measurement of the pressure or force of blood inside your arteries.
what does blood pressure show
- indicator of the body’s health it shows how hard the heart has to work to pump through the arteries, capillaries and veins
- the health of the
what is systolic
the systolic blood pressure is a measure of the pressure that the blood exerts on the artery wall as the heart is contracting (emptying).
what is diastolic
diastolic blood pressure is a measure of the pressure that the blood exerts on the artery wall as the heart is relaxing (filling).
what is increased heart rate in physical exercise
- as the intensity of exercise increases, heart rate rises to supply more oxygen and energy.
- resting heart rate is about 70BPM but it can climb to increase of 2
