HEALTH AND HUMAN- development

Question 1

physical development

Answer 1

changes that relate to people size shape, and therefore, body structure.

Question 2

social development

Answer 2

the increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people.

Question 3

emotional development

Answer 3

refers to feelings and moods and the way in which people express understand and exercise control over them.

Question 4

intellectual development

Answer 4

also referred as cognitive development, the ways in which people are able to think and reason.

Question 5

what are the developmental milestones for prenatal

Answer 5

• Most rapid period of growth
• Body structures develop and begin to function.

Question 6

what are the developmental milstones for infancy

Answer 6

• Learns to crawl.
• Learns to walk.
• Smiles
• Starts forming words

Question 7

what are the developmental milestones for youth

Answer 7

• Sexual maturity is reached.
• Growth spurt
• Intimate relationships formed.
• Independence increases

Question 8

what are the development milestones for childhood

Answer 8

• Process of socialisation leads to more appropriate behaviour.
• Increased vocabulary and more sophisticated language
• Refined motor skills

Question 9

what are the development milestones for early adulthood

Answer 9

• Peak of physical development is reached.
• Establishment of permanent, intimate relationships and family
• Career develops

Question 10

what are the development milestones for middle adulthood

Answer 10

• Grey hair
• Skin losing elasticity.
• Menopause in women
• Men may experience a reduction in sperm count and erectile function

Question 11

what are the development milestones for late adulthood

Answer 11

• Bones may become more brittle as the ability to absorb calcium decreases
• Individuals adjust to retirement and may have the opportunity to travel and volunteer.
• Positive changes through the arrival of grandchildren

Question 12

what are the ages for prenatal

Answer 12

conception to birth

Question 13

what are hormones

Answer 13

a chemical substance produced by the body that acts to regulate and control a wide range of body processes, including physical growth and development.

Question 14

what is puberty

Answer 14

the time signifying the end of childhood and during which significant changes to the way an individual’s body structure and functions occur in terms of skeletal and sexual maturation.

Question 15

what is maturation

Answer 15

describes the process whereby a person gradually realises their genetic potential.

Question 16

what is the endocrine system

Answer 16

The endocrine system is a network of glands and organs that produce, store, and release hormones into the bloodstream.

Question 17

what glands and organs are the endocrine system made of

Answer 17

• the hypothalamus
• pituitary gland
• thyroid gland
• adrenal gland
• ovaries and testes

Question 18

what are characteristics of hypothalamus

Answer 18

The hypothalamus is a small but powerful part of the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating many of the body’s key processes to keep it functioning smoothly. The hypothalamus directly controls the pituitary gland, which in turn regulates various endocrine glands.

Question 19

what is the pituitary gland

Answer 19

the pituitary gland is located below the hypothalamus ,It is often referred to as the “master gland” because it produces hormones that regulate many important functions in the body and control other endocrine glands.

Question 20

what are the 5 key hormones that the pituitary gland produces

Answer 20

• growth hormone
• thyroid stimulating hormone
• adrenocorticotropic hormone
• follicle stimulating hormone
• luteinising hormone

Question 21

what is the growth hormone

Answer 21

target- all cells
functions- controls growth during infancy, childhood and youth.
- stimulates growth of muscles, organs and cells
- responsible for growth spurt during puberty

Question 22

what is the thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 22

target- thyroid gland
function- stimulates the thyroid gland to produce the hormone thyroxin, which helps control metabolism (metabolic rate).

Question 23

what is the adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 23

target- adrenal glands
function- stimulates adrenal gland to produce
- cortisol: rasies blood glucose
- adrenaline: released in response to stress, increase heart rate
- aldosterone: stimulate male sex characteristics

Question 24

what is the luteinising hormone

Answer 24

target- gonads (males:testes) (females: ovaries)
males: stimulates production of testosterone
females: increase in this hormone causes ovulation (release of ovum)

Question 25

what is the follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 25

target- gonads (males: testes) (females:ovaries)
males- stimulates production of sperm in testes
females- stimulates ovum (egg) production in ovaries)

Question 26

what do the ovaries produce

Answer 26

the females hormones, oestrogen and progesterone

Question 27

what do the testes produce

Answer 27

produces the male hormone testosterone

Question 28

what is oestrogen

Answer 28

primarily responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics.
- causes the lining of the uterus to thicken

Question 29

what is progesterone

Answer 29

stimulates the growth of the endometrium (the blood lining of the uterus)

Question 30

what is testosterone

Answer 30

stimulates sperm production and is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics.

Question 31

what is a growth spurt

Answer 31

a period involving a rapid increase in height and the body mass, which occurs as a consequence of the onset of puberty.