HEALTH AND HUMAN- development Flashcards
physical development
changes that relate to people size shape, and therefore, body structure.
social development
the increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people.
emotional development
refers to feelings and moods and the way in which people express understand and exercise control over them.
intellectual development
also referred as cognitive development, the ways in which people are able to think and reason.
what are the developmental milestones for prenatal
- Most rapid period of growth
- Body structures develop and begin to function.
what are the developmental milstones for infancy
- Learns to crawl.
- Learns to walk.
- Smiles
- Starts forming words
what are the developmental milestones for youth
- Sexual maturity is reached.
- Growth spurt
- Intimate relationships formed.
- Independence increases
what are the development milestones for childhood
- Process of socialisation leads to more appropriate behaviour.
- Increased vocabulary and more sophisticated language
- Refined motor skills
what are the development milestones for early adulthood
- Peak of physical development is reached.
- Establishment of permanent, intimate relationships and family
- Career develops
what are the development milestones for middle adulthood
- Grey hair
- Skin losing elasticity.
- Menopause in women
- Men may experience a reduction in sperm count and erectile function
what are the development milestones for late adulthood
- Bones may become more brittle as the ability to absorb calcium decreases
- Individuals adjust to retirement and may have the opportunity to travel and volunteer.
- Positive changes through the arrival of grandchildren
what are the ages for prenatal
conception to birth
what are hormones
a chemical substance produced by the body that acts to regulate and control a wide range of body processes, including physical growth and development.
what is puberty
the time signifying the end of childhood and during which significant changes to the way an individual’s body structure and functions occur in terms of skeletal and sexual maturation.
what is maturation
describes the process whereby a person gradually realises their genetic potential.
what is the endocrine system
The endocrine system is a network of glands and organs that produce, store, and release hormones into the bloodstream.
what glands and organs are the endocrine system made of
- the hypothalamus
- pituitary gland
- thyroid gland
- adrenal gland
- ovaries and testes
what are characteristics of hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is a small but powerful part of the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating many of the body’s key processes to keep it functioning smoothly. The hypothalamus directly controls the pituitary gland, which in turn regulates various endocrine glands.
what is the pituitary gland
the pituitary gland is located below the hypothalamus ,It is often referred to as the “master gland” because it produces hormones that regulate many important functions in the body and control other endocrine glands.
what are the 5 key hormones that the pituitary gland produces
- growth hormone
- thyroid stimulating hormone
- adrenocorticotropic hormone
- follicle stimulating hormone
- luteinising hormone
what is the growth hormone
target- all cells
functions- controls growth during infancy, childhood and youth.
- stimulates growth of muscles, organs and cells
- responsible for growth spurt during puberty
what is the thyroid stimulating hormone
target- thyroid gland
function- stimulates the thyroid gland to produce the hormone thyroxin, which helps control metabolism (metabolic rate).
what is the adrenocorticotropic hormone
target- adrenal glands
function- stimulates adrenal gland to produce
- cortisol: rasies blood glucose
- adrenaline: released in response to stress, increase heart rate
- aldosterone: stimulate male sex characteristics
what is the luteinising hormone
target- gonads (males:testes) (females: ovaries)
males: stimulates production of testosterone
females: increase in this hormone causes ovulation (release of ovum)
