pe- chronic adaptations Flashcards
what is cardiac hypertrophy
an enlargement of the heart muscle as a result of training.
what is cardiac output
is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart per minute. it is the product of SV x HR.
what is capillarisation- is an increase in
is an increase in the capilary density and blood flow to skeletal or cardiac muscle as a result of aerobic training.
what is better for an open swimmer, lactate tolerence or higher LIP?
Higher lip because you can work at a higher intensity for longer and all swimming events are aerobic expect for 50 metres. The lactate inflection point represents the intensity at which lactate begins to accumulate, more rapidly than it can be cleared. A higher LIP allows the open swimmer to maintain higher intensity for a longer period, without accumulating biproducts. In endurance swimming, the goal is to maintain a steady pace, not to repeatedly push through the discomfort of high lactate levels.
how does increased motor unit recruitment impact soccer performance?
Increased motor unit recruitment significantly enhances soccer performance by improving an athlete’s ability to generate force quickly and efficiently. Recruiting more motor units means a greater number of muscle fibres that can be activated during the movement. This overall leads to stronger and more explosive actions, which are crucial in soccer for sprinting, jumping and changing direction.
what is a muscular adaptation for a marathon runner?
The oxidation of triglycerides as a muscular adaptation is important for marathon runners because it allows them to utilise fat as a primary energy source, while preserving glycogen stores (glycogen sparing). During long-duration activites like marathons, using fat for energy helps delay the onset of fatigue and improves overall endurance. By increasing the capacity to oxidise triglercides, marathon runners can sustain a steady pace and maintain energy levels throughout the race.
what is the definition of a-vo2 difference?
A-vo2 difference is a measure of the difference in the concentration of oxygen in the between arterial blood and the concentration of oxygen in the venous blood.
what is a respiratory adaptation that leads to increase a-vo2 difference?
Increased gas diffusion is a respiratory adaptation that significantly contributes to a higher a-vo2 difference by enhancing the efficiency of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs. Improved gas diffusion allows for more effective movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the bloodstream, which results in a higher oxygen content in the arterial blood. Hens this, increased oxygen availability means that more oxygen can be transported to the muscles.
what is a muscular adaptation that leads to an increase in a-vo2 difference?
For a muscular adaption, there would be an increase in mitochondria. Mitochondria are responsible for aerobic energy production within the muscle’s cells. An increase in the number and size of mitochondria, allows muscles to more efficiently use oxygen to produce ATP. As a result, more oxygen is extracted from the blood and used by the muscles, directly increasing the a-vo2 difference.
what is a cardiovascular adaptation that leads to an a-vo2 difference?
increase in the cross-sectional area of the blood vessels. this allows for more areas of oxygen to be extracted, which allows more blood to be transported to the working muscles, this increasing the a-vo2 difference.
