The Brain Structures and Functions

Question 1

5 main parts of the brain

Answer 1

cerebrum, basal ganglia, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum

Question 2

basal ganglia function

Answer 2

accomplish movements that require some time to initiate or stop while also regulating motor and cognitive functions

Question 3

basal ganglia structures

Answer 3

the diencephalon

Question 4

the diencephalon structures

Answer 4

thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

Question 5

thalamus functions

Answer 5

the thalamus is covered by a reticular nucleus and its function is to regulate incoming and outgoing stimuli

Question 6

hypothalamus functions

Answer 6

stimulate hormone release, create releasing and regular hormones but only ADH and oxytocin, direct several maintenance activities such as eating, drinking, body temp, and emotions and govern the pituitary gland

Question 7

thalamus structures

Answer 7

contains a posterior side called the pulvinar which has geniculate bodies attached which interprets what we see

Question 8

hypothalamus structures

Answer 8

connected to the pituitary gland by a channel called the infundibulum
- contains neurosecretory cells

Question 9

pituitary gland structures

Answer 9

anterior and posterior side called the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis
- neurohypophysis stores and secretes regular hormones known as ADH and oxytocin and the adenohypophysis store its own hormones and its releases when told by releasing hormones from the hypothalamus

Question 10

pituitary gland functions

Answer 10

regulate all other glands as well as secrete its own hormones but only the adenohypophysis

Question 11

mammillary body function and structure

Answer 11

connected to the hypothalamus which activates feeding reflexes and could be involved in olfactory messages

Question 12

brain stem structures

Answer 12

the midbrain, pons, and medulla

Question 13

the pons function

Answer 13

regulate sleep as well as rate and pattern of breathing

Question 14

midbrain structure

Answer 14

The midbrain has a posterior side has a structure known as corpora quadrigemina that contains colliculi (2 superior 2 inferior)

Question 15

midbrain function

Answer 15

controlling response to sight, eye movement, pupil dilation, body movement, and hearing

Question 16

the medulla function

Answer 16

relay sensory info to the thalamus and other portions of the brainstem and also regulates autonomic functions

Question 17

cerebellum structure and function

Answer 17

consists of arbor vitae which is the tree of life looking material that is made of white matter that transmits and connects to grey matter which interprets the information, its other function is to coordinate fine muscles movements and balance

Question 18

ventricular system

Answer 18

made up fo channels known as ventricles that contain choroid plexuses that contain ependymal cells that secrete cerebral spinal fluid. There are 4 ventricles, 2 lateral, a 3rd and 4th ventricle. The ventricles not only circulate within the brain but also around the brain cavity

Question 19

cranial meninges layers

Answer 19

the Pia mater (deepest layer), the subarachnoid mater, the arachnoid mater, and the dura mater (superior layer)

Question 20

dura mater layers

Answer 20

meningeal and periosteal

Question 21

occipital lobe functions

Answer 21

responsible for visual functions such as coordination of eye movements, perception, image recognition, association, and visual memory

Question 22

temporal lobe functions

Answer 22

responsible for processing auditory information, emotion, language, and some visual perception

Question 23

pineal gland

Answer 23

regulates sleep and controlled by PONS

Question 24

cerebral aqueduct

Answer 24

connects 3rd and 4th ventricle