lymphatic and immune system

Question 1

organs part of the lymphatic system

Answer 1

thymus, adenoids, bone marrow
secondary- lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils (where B & T cells reside)

Question 2

organs of the immune system

Answer 2

skin, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, tonsils, mucous membranes, peyers patches, appendix

Question 3

functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 3

carries out excess fluids to the bloodstream, filters pathogens from the blood, and transports immune cells

Question 4

peyers patches

Answer 4

located in the submucosa of the small intestine, they carry B&T cells that flood a channel that connects to lacteal and then to the mesenteric lymph node that addresses

Question 5

cisterna chyli

Answer 5

major incoming port for lower extremities and mesenteric lymph nodes

Question 6

functions of the immune system

Answer 6

scavage dead or dying body cells, destroys abnormal cells, protects from pathogens and foreign molecules (parasites, bacteria, viruses)

Question 7

lines of defense

Answer 7

1. non-specific natural barriers which restrict the entry of pathogens
2. innate non-specific immune defenses provide a rapid local response to pathogens after it has entered the body
3. antigen-specific immune responses

Question 8

the first line of defense (prevention)

Answer 8

1. physical
   skin- prevents entry (tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions)
   mucous membrane- traps dirt and microbes
2. chemical
   sweat- high levels of sodium kill certain types of bacteria
   acidic environments- low pH
   lysozyme- antibacterial enzymes inhibit cell wall formation

Question 9

the second line of defense

Answer 9

1. internal cellular
2. chemical defense

Question 10

defensive cells

Answer 10

phagocytes(neutrophils and macrophages)- eat foreign invaders
eosinophils- kills parasites
natural killer cells- degrade the structural integrity of cell wall (in the body)

Question 11

defensive proteins

Answer 11

interferons- slows the spread of viral copes
complement system- stimulate histamine

Question 12

inflammation

Answer 12

redness, heat, swelling, pain- increases blood flow, recruits defensive cells, promotes faster healing

Question 13

fever

Answer 13

increase in temp- slows bacterial growth, speeds body defense

Question 14

the third line of defense (adaptive immune response)

Answer 14

lymphocytes-
B-lymphocytes- generate diverse antibodies
T-lymphocytes- secretes chemical messengers
Plasma cell- secretes antibodies

Question 15

adaptive immunity

Answer 15

• t-cell recognizes a foreign invader and records a copy of the antigen (memory t-cell)
• sends the copy to b-cells which activates it (effector t-cells)
• starts to produce a recipe for that antibody to fight the antigen (memory b-cells)
• records the recipe and b-cells send it to plasma cells and send the recipe throughout the body (effector b-cells)