Sensory (receptors, vision, gustation, auditory)

Question 1

2 classes of receptors

Answer 1

general - skin, joints, muscles
special - taste, smell, vision, hearing

Question 2

receptive field

Answer 2

an area where receptors can detect stimuli
- the smaller the field the more sensitive and precise the receptor
- the larger the field the less sensitive and precise

Question 3

cutaneous (skin) receptors types

Answer 3

mechanoreceptors, nociceptor, thermoreceptor

Question 4

mechanoreceptors functions (cutaneous receptor)

Answer 4

detect physical movement, vibrations, hair cells cochlea
- heavy pressure, vibration, light touch, skin stretch

Question 5

nociceptors functions (cutaneous receptor)

Answer 5

detect pain and tissue damage somatically (outside) and viscerally (inside)
- only respond to noxious stimuli

Question 6

types of nociceptors

Answer 6

mechanical, thermal, polymodal

Question 7

mechanical nociceptor function

Answer 7

activated by strong stimuli that damage skin such as pinch, penetration, and squeeze
- picked up by A-delta fibers

Question 8

thermal nociceptors functions

Answer 8

activated by noxious heat and cold (>45 & <5) and strong mechanical stimuli
- picked up by A-delta fibers

Question 9

polymodal nociceptor functions

Answer 9

activated by noxious mechanical stimuli, noxious heat, cold, and irritating chemicals which cause slow and dull pain which lasts long after
- picked up by non-myelinated C-fibers

Question 10

thermoreceptors

Answer 10

detect changes in temperature

Question 11

chemoreceptors

Answer 11

responsible for taste (olfaction) of tastants and smell (gustation) of odorants

Question 12

baroreceptors

Answer 12

detect changes in pressure
- found in carotid arteries

Question 13

photoreceptors

Answer 13

detects light, color, and movement
- found in the retina of the eye

Question 14

proprioceptors

Answer 14

relay information on limb position
- found in joints and ligaments

Question 15

vision pathways

Answer 15

photoreceptors gather information (rods detect light, cones detect color) and channel it to the fovea centralis (fine focus) which then relays all the info to the optic nerve

Question 16

rods and cones

Answer 16

rods detect light
cones detect color
- cones are more centralized while rods are more dispersed

Question 17

gustation pathway

Answer 17

papillae and trenches make up the tongue, there are taste pores with taste buds behind it within the trenches that have receptors sites that are specific to different molecules such as salts and sweets

Question 18

which type of epithelium surrounds taste buds

Answer 18

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 19

types of papilla on the tongue

Answer 19

circumvallate in the back
filiform in the center
fungiform on the edge

Question 20

3 ear ossicles

Answer 20

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 21

auditory pathway

Answer 21

thematic membrane (eardrum), ear ossicles, and stapes connect to vestibule which connects to cochlea and semicircular canal