Organelle Structure

Question 1

eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

the smallest living structure

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

the storage area within the cell that contains all the organisms’ DNA, synthesizes mRNA and ribosomes
-double membrane held together by nuclear pores
-whithin the nucleus lies the chromatin and nucleolus

Question 3

chromatin

Answer 3

a DNA fiber wond around nucleosomes and histones and is tightly coiled upon itself with the nucleous that forms chromosomes

Question 4

mitochondria

Answer 4

the cell powerhouse
-matrix contains genetic systems and enzymes for oxidative metabolism

Question 5

mitochondria parts

Answer 5

double membrane
cristae - the folded inner cavity that contains the sub organelles
matrix - the liquid material inside the cavity where particles and proteins are held in suspension

Question 6

mitochondria proteins and particles

Answer 6

-ribosomes
-granueles
-DNA
-ATP synthase particles

Question 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

two distict parts with two distint functions
-rough endoplamsic reticulum
-smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

Rough ER

Answer 8

ribosomes attached that connect sequences of amino acids to each other for protein synthesis
-the folds called Cisternae and space between is cisternal space
-Rough ER encapsulates the nucleus

Question 9

smooth ER

Answer 9

reticulum does not have ribosomes
-systhesizes membranes

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

packaging machinery for synthesized proteins from ER which is the secreted through exocytosis in the bloodstream where it is carried to the area needed
- two sided CIS and Trans

Question 11

plasma membrane

Answer 11

phospholipid bilayer aka amphipathic membrane
-it is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
- hydrophilic phosphate heads
- hydrophobic fatty acid tails

Question 12

cytoskeleton

Answer 12

-primary function is cell mobility
made up of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments which provides structure, strengh and mobility
-ribosomes attached to the cytoskeleton are known as free ribosomes

Question 13

centrioles

Answer 13

assemble microtubules during cell division and are the structual basis for all cells
-sets of microtubles are called centrioles, sets of centrioles are celled centrosomes

Question 14

lysosomes

Answer 14

-single membrane bound
contains enzyme that break down and recycle cell components
-cells break down if lysosomes explode

Question 15

peroxisomes

Answer 15

double membrane and removes toxins from cells
-contains enzymes which are used to destroy unwanted peroxides and other free radicals

Question 16

ribosomes

Answer 16

two-part organelle (small and large) that synthesizes mRNA molecules into a linear string of amino acids known as the primary structure of a protein

Question 17

flagellum

Answer 17

used by cells and unicellular organisms for movement, sensation, and signal transduction

Question 18

microvilli

Answer 18

fingerlike projections of mucosa made up of simple columnar absorptive cells to increase the surface area which allows for greater absorption

Question 19

only structure without nucleus

Answer 19

red blood cells