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Neuropsychopharmacology > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main areas of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

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2
Q

What part of the brain is involved in complex thought, perception, and action

A

the cerebrum

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3
Q

The cortex and subcortical areas are in which part of the brain

A

the cerebrum

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4
Q

What is the name of the outside layer of the brain

A

the cortex

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5
Q

What are gyri

A

folds of the cortex

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6
Q

The cortex is divided into what divisions

A

two halves (right and left) which are further divided into four lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal)

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7
Q

Where is the corpus callosum located

A

in the cortex

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8
Q

what is the corpus callosum

A

the thick band of nerves that connect the right and left hemispheres of the cortex

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9
Q

Which hemisphere inside of the cortex controls language and motor control

A

the left (think of L=Language)

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10
Q

Which hemisphere inside of the cortex is involved with memory and rational, logical, abstract and analytical thinking

A

left

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11
Q

What disorders result from damage to the left hemisphere

A

aphasia, agraphia, anomia, motor disturbances, and apraxia

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12
Q

define aphasia

A

loss of ability to understand or express speech

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13
Q

define agraphia

A

loss in the ability to communicate through writing

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14
Q

define anomia

A

inability to recall names of everyday objects

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15
Q

define apraxia

A

difficulties speaking

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16
Q

Concious coping and problem solving occur in which part of the brain

A

left hemisphere

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17
Q

perception, visuospatial, artistic, intuitive and musical abilities are associated with which part of the brain

A

right hemisphere

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18
Q

which part of the brain allows a person to understand another persons emotions

A

right hemisphere

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19
Q

damage to the right hemisphere results in what

A

left side hemineglect, prosopagnosia, affective abnormalities, visual perceptual disturbances

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20
Q

define left side hemineglect

A

neglects the left side of the body

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21
Q

define prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize faces of familiar people

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22
Q

which hemisphere of the brain is referred to as the unconscious mind

A

right hemisphere

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23
Q

name the lobes of the brain

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

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24
Q

which lobe is the largest portion of the brain

A

frontal lobe

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25
the prefrontal cortex, premotor area, and motor area are in which lobe of the brain
frontal lobe
26
which lobe is critical to personality, emotionality, ambition, planning, abstract thinking, cognitive flexibility, initiative, and judgment
prefrontal
27
what is the premotor cortex responsible for
planning and instigating movement
28
where is broca's area located
left frontal lobe
29
what does broca's area control
muscles that produce speech
30
damage to which lobe results in changes in personality, emotional lability, inattention, perservation, inability to express language, and problems with problem solving
broca's area, located in the left frontal lobe
31
what is the parietal lobe responsible for
processing somatosensory information by integrating the shape, size, weight, and texture to create a 3D object
32
which lobe is responsible for directing attention and visuospatial skills
right parietal lobe
33
which lobe is responsible for overlearned motor activities and linguistic activities
left parietal lobe
34
damage to the parietal lobe results in
anomia (naming objects), agraphia (difficulty writing), and alexia (problems reading), acalcula (difficulty with math), difficulty drawing objects, distinguishing right from left, lack of awareness of body parts, eye hand coordination, problems attending to more than one object at a time
35
Define Gerstmann's syndrome and where it occurs in the brain
left parietal lobe due to lesions. agraphia, acalcula, right-left disorientation, finger agnosia (cannot recognize fingers as a part of their body)
36
The limbic system is involved in
emotional behavior and memory
37
The left temporal lobe is involved in
verbal memory and language comprehension (wernicke's area)
38
The right temporal lobe is involved in
visual memory
39
damage to the temporal lobe results in
increased aggressive behavior, increase or decrease in sexual behavior, interference with memory, problems understanding speech (Wernicke's aphasia), temper, aggression
40
Damage to the occipital lobe causes
difficulty recognizing drawn object, identifying colors, hallucinations, illusions, difficulty recognizing words
41
the main three areas of the subcortical area are
corpus callosum, limbic system, basal ganglia
42
serves as a bridge between left and right hemisphere
corpus callosum
43
what is the primitive brain that plays a key role in survival
limbic system
44
The limbic system is largely involved in
emotions, fear, anger, pleasure, sex and hunger drives, learning, olfactory, and memory
45
which is more complex? the limbic system or the brain stem
limbic system
46
Limbic circuits do what
blend emotions, bodily functions, and social interactions
47
the key structures of the limbic system are
thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and septum
48
which system releases hormones related to fear
limbic system
49
which system creates motivational drives, non rational emotional states, and appraises incoming perceptions
limbic system
50
which system encodes memories
limbic system
51
implicit memory is processed in the
amygdala
52
explicit memory is processed in the
hippocampus
53
attachment to caregivers is done in the
limbic system
54
all sensory input (except smell) is received here before being processed
thalamus
55
Abnormalities in the thalamus are linked to which mental condition
schizophrenia
56
what systems is the hypothalamus linked to
endocrine and autonomic nervous system
57
Homeostasis is the key function of
hypothalamus
58
define suprachiamatic nucleus
circadian clock
59
directly influences the pituitary glands
hypothalamus
60
functions of the hypothalamus include
fever, feeding, fighting, falling asleep, sex
61
the main function of the hippocampus is
memory
62
consolidating short term into long term memories is done by the
hippocampus
63
which system is the hippocampus a part of
limbic system
64
which side of the hippocampus is responsible for explicit memory
left
65
which side of the hippocampus is responsible for episodic and autobiographical forms of memory
right
66
which area of the limbic system attaches emotional significance to sensory input
amygdala
67
what type of memory is the amygdala responsible for
emotional memory
68
PTSD is linked to the
amygdala
69
which part of the limbic system is responsible for face perception
amygdala
70
does the amygdala increase or decrease aggression
increase
71
what is Kluver Bucy Syndrome
placid, apathetic, hypersexual, eating excessively, agnosia
72
what system is the septum located
limbic
73
what does the septum do
decreases aggression
74
what part of the brain is important in coordinating movement and posture
basal ganglia
75
the main nuclei of the basal ganglia are the
caudate nucleus, putamen, substantia nigra, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus
76
what part of the brain is important in stopping movement while maintaining posture
basal ganglia
77
What is Huntington's disease and what part of the brain is involved
unwanted extraneous movement, basal ganglia
78
What is Parkinson's disease and what part of the brain is involved
difficulty initiating movement due to the loss of dopaminergic nerons in the substantia nigra. Have rigidty and bradykinesia (slowed movements) basal ganglia
79
What disorders are linked to the basal ganglia
Huntingtons, Parkinsons, Tourettes syndrom, and OCD
80
What is the second largest structure in the brain
cerebellum
81
What structure of the brain receives excitatory inputs for maintaining movement and motor activity
cerebellum
82
the main problem with the cerebellum is
ataxia - lack of coordination of voluntary movements without weakness or sensory loss
83
Problems with posture, gait, incorrect timing in muscles, vertigo, inability to reach out, and problems with fine movements result in problems with the
cerebellum
84
what is another name for the reptilian brain
brain stem
85
what does the brain stem do
monitor and modify basic bodily functions such as heart rate and respiration. influences state of arousal
86
is the brain stem an extension of the spinal cord
yes
87
What are the three parts of the brain stem called
pons, medulla, reticular formation
88
Pons is the _____ part of the brain stem
upper
89
Medulla is the ____ part of the brain stem
lower
90
Damaging the brain stem is no big deal
false
91
important in awareness, attention, and sleep
reticular formation
92
What is the RAS
reticular activating system, involved in the sleep wake cycle and filters for information that mediates alertness
93
Fight or Freeze reactions are controlled by the
brain stem

Neuropsychopharmacology (14 decks)

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