Pharmacology

Question 1

Define action potential

Answer 1

the electrical/chemical way info is transmitted from cell to cell

Question 2

at rest the neuron contains which elements

Answer 2

outside is excess sodium, inside is excess potassium

Question 3

What creates action potential

Answer 3

when a stimulant is sufficient enough to cause the sodium and potassium to switch places

Question 4

Where are neurotransmitters released to

Answer 4

the synaptic cleft

Question 5

Name two things that can happen when a neurotransmitter is released

Answer 5

it can bind to adjacent dendrites or reuptake occurs

Question 6

what happens when dendrites capture neurotransmitters

Answer 6

the flow of information is continued

Question 7

what happens in the reuptake process

Answer 7

the neurotransmitters such as serotonin do not make it to the other neuron, instead they are sucked back into the terminal buttons

Question 8

which neurotransmitter is low in depression

Answer 8

serotonin

Question 9

What do SSRI’s do

Answer 9

inhibits reuptake of serotonin so that more serotonin can make it to the adjacent neuron

Question 10

Define agonist

Answer 10

anything that enhances the effect of the neurotransmitter

Question 11

Define antagonist

Answer 11

anything that inhibits the neurotransmitter effect

Question 12

Define excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 12

increases likelihood of action potential

Question 13

Name three excitatory neurotransmitters

Answer 13

acetylcholine, epinephrine, glutamate

Question 14

Define inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 14

decreases likelihood of action potential

Question 15

Name two inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 15

GABA, endorphins

Question 16

What are the most common neurotransmitters in the brain

Answer 16

acetylcholine and glutamate

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter aids in voluntary movement, memory, and cognition

Answer 17

acetylcholine

Question 18

What structure of the brain is acetylcholine active in

Answer 18

the hippocampus

Question 19

Dementia/Alzheimers is a result of a deficiency of which neurotransmitter

Answer 19

acetylcholine

Question 20

Name two catecholamines

Answer 20

dopamine and norepinephrine

Question 21

Which catecholamine is involved in movement, thinking, and emotion

Answer 21

dopamine

Question 22

Which neurotransmitter is linked to the reward system of the brain

Answer 22

dopamine

Question 23

Are traditional antipsychotics antagonists or agonists

Answer 23

antagonists- block dopamine receptors

Question 24

What is the process called if a neurotransmitter is blocked

Answer 24

reuptake

Question 25

Second generation antipsychotics are agonists of which neurotransmitters

Answer 25

dopamine and serotonin, they block the dopamine receptors

Question 26

Parkinsons results from degeneration of the neurons that transmit dopamine

Answer 26

true

Question 27

What is L-Dopa treatment

Answer 27

dopamine agonist, enhances dopamine in the brain

Question 28

Norepinephrine (or noradrenaline) is involved with what

Answer 28

mood, sleep, and pain

Question 29

depression is a result of

Answer 29

deficiencies of norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Question 30

mania is a result of

Answer 30

excess norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Question 31

Serotonin is involved in

Answer 31

many things; mood, sleep, appetite, aggression, pain, perception, sexual activity

Question 32

dysregulation of which neurotransmitter is associated with suicidality and impulsivity

Answer 32

serotonin

Question 33

Too little serotonin usually results in what

Answer 33

mood disorder

Question 34

name three amino acids

Answer 34

GABA, glycine, glutamate

Question 35

Name two major inhibitory neurotransmitters (calming effect)

Answer 35

GABA and glycine

Question 36

Too little GABA results in which disorders

Answer 36

anxiety disorders and seizure disorders

Question 37

What type of medication is a GABA agonist

Answer 37

Benzodiazepines

Question 38

In addition to dopamine, which neurotransmitter is implicated in schizophrenia, OCD, autism, and depression

Answer 38

glutamate

Question 39

What are enkephalins and endorphins

Answer 39

bodies of opioids

Question 40

Are opioids natural pain killers

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

define lipid soluble

Answer 41

capability of substance to dissolve in lipids (fats and oils)

Question 42

generic drugs have the exact same pharmacological effects as brand name drugs T/F

Answer 42

true

Question 43

which schedule of drug has the highest potential for abuse and have no medical qualities

Answer 43

schedule 1

Question 44

schedule 2 drugs do not have potential for abuse and dependence T/F

Answer 44

false, they have high potential for abuse and dependence and have SOME medicinal qualities

Question 45

What schedule drug is meth considered

Answer 45

schedule 2

Question 46

How many schedules of drugs are there

Answer 46

5

Question 47

Drugs are scheduled based on what

Answer 47

their potential for abuse