Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

Define pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

how medication proceeds through the body

Question 2

What are the four processes of pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

absorption, distribution, metabolism/biotransformation, elimination/excretion

Question 3

Define pharmacodynamics

Answer 3

what the body does with the drug

Question 4

Oral medications must be lipid soluble to enter the brain T/F

Answer 4

true

Question 5

How fast do oral drugs take to start working

Answer 5

75% in 2-3 hours

Question 6

Do genetics effect the oral rate of drug absorption

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

When would you use a drug rectally

Answer 7

when someone is unconscious or cannot swallow

Question 8

Name a disadvantage of administering a drug rectally

Answer 8

absorption is erratic

Question 9

Sublingual or sniffing enters the body through what

Answer 9

mucus membranes

Question 10

Absorption is slow via the mucus membrane T/F

Answer 10

false, it’s rapid

Question 11

Nicotine patches are a form of absorption through the mucus membranes T/F

Answer 11

true

Question 12

Name 3 injection types

Answer 12

intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular

Question 13

Name the advantages of injections over other routes

Answer 13

fast, accurate dose, can dilute, and can use very high doses

Question 14

Name disadvantages of injections

Answer 14

sterile technique, severe allergic reactions, medication must be fully dissolved

Question 15

Psychotropic drugs are most commonly given via which type of injection

Answer 15

intramuscularly

Question 16

Most psychotropic drugs circulate outside of the brain T/F

Answer 16

true, because they bind to proteins in the blood which makes less of the drug available to enter into the brain

Question 17

Define solubility

Answer 17

dissolvability

Question 18

Define binding

Answer 18

the degree to which molecules bind to protein molecules in the bloodstream

Question 19

If medications bind to proteins will they be able to cross the blood brain barrier

Answer 19

no because proteins in the blood are too large to leave the bloodstream

Question 20

Define metabolism

Answer 20

how medication is broken down by enzymes in the body

Question 21

describe how most medications leave the body

Answer 21

the liver metabolizes the drug, which is the converted and excreted by the kidneys through urine which is where the majority of medications leave the body

Question 22

grapefruit juice can inhibit enzymes and cause serious effects because of its effect on metabolism T/F

Answer 22

true

Question 23

The intestine does not allow large molecules that are not absorbed in fat to pass through the cell membrane T/F

Answer 23

true, this creates a barrier to absorption and distribution

Question 24

define capillaries

Answer 24

tiny blood vessels that connect to the smallest veins

Question 25

are capillaries large enough to let fat soluble drugs in

Answer 25

yes, but not those bound to plasma proteins

Question 26

define the blood brain barrier

Answer 26

the cells in the brain that protect the environment that is needed for the brain to function in a normal way and are covered by a fatty barrier

Question 27

only fat soluble drugs can pass through the blood brain barrier T/F

Answer 27

true

Question 28

can penicillin cross the blood brain barrier

Answer 28

no it is water soluble

Question 29

Can fat soluble drugs cross the placental barrier

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

Name 4 places that drugs can leave the body

Answer 30

kidneys, lungs, bile, skin

Question 31

Define Drug Half Life

Answer 31

the amount of time for a drugs concentration in the blood to be reduced by half which gives you an idea of the duration of action of a medication in the body

Question 32

define steady state

Answer 32

the amount you are taking in is balanced with the amount you are putting out

Question 33

dehydration does not effect steady state T/F

Answer 33

false

Question 34

drug effects are not changed by culture/ethnicity T/F

Answer 34

false, P-450 levels are different for different ethnicities

Question 35

What percentage of medications do asians metabolize

Answer 35

70%

Question 36

What percentage of medications do african americans metabolize

Answer 36

20-40%

Question 37

what percentage of medications do caucasians metabolize

Answer 37

almost all medications

Question 38

Medications that bond less to proteins are more effective T/F

Answer 38

true