Antipsychotic Medications Flashcards
What is the name of the first antipsychotic medication
Thorazine
What receptors do first generation antipsychotic medications work on
a chemical blockade of the dopamine D2 postsynaptic receptors
What are extrapyramidal side effects caused by first generation antipsychotics
slowed movements, decreased facial expression, muscle spasms, sustained muscle spasms (dystonic), akathisia (intense feeling of restlessness)
What are the side effects of first generation antipsychotics
extrapyramidal, anticholineric (dry membranes, blurred vision, intestinal slowing), andiadrenergic (orthostatic hypotension), tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements)
Name the first generation antipsychotics and dosages
thorazine 50-1500, prolixin 3-45, haldol 2-40, loxitane 50-250, trilafon 8-60, orap 1-10
name the second generation antipsychotics
abilify, saphris, rexulti, vraylar, clorazil, fanapt, latuda, zyprexa, invega, seroquel, risperdal, geodon
Name the antiparkinsonian/anticholinergic medications
symmetrel, cogentin, akineton, benadryl, artane
Define Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrom (NMS)
rare but potentially fatal reaction to antipsychotics characterized by fever, confusion, rigidity, coma, and death
What receptors do second generation antipsychotics work on
serotonin blockers and dopamine blockade
benefits of second generation antipsychotics include
better tolerability, reduced risk of tardive dyskinesia, reduction of negative symptoms, improved cognition, reduced neuroanatomical changes
Side effects of second generation antipsychotics include
weight gain, alteration in carbohydrate metabolism such as seen in diabetes, alteration of lipid metabolism
antipsychotic medications can treat multiple different psychotic symptoms
true. includes substance induced psychosis, schizophrenia, mania, delusional disorder, etc.
treatment length for antipsychotics is 6 months
false, treatment length varies by diagnosis and severity of symptoms
psychosis has a genetic component
true
what brain abnormalities are seen in psychosis
Brain abnormalities – enlarged ventricles (cavities); temporal lobe reduction in size; related to written and verbal understanding, organizing internal thoughts; neuron loss in parts of the brain involved with learning and memory (especially in the hippocampus); overall diminished brain size; changes in the prefrontal area (related to negative symptoms); decreased blood flow through the brain (difficulty with problem solving)
