The brain Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the “cortex”?

A

The cortex is the outermost part of the brain consisting of densely packed neurons.

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2
Q

What are the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Basically the left and right sides of the brain.

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3
Q

What/Where are all the lobes?

A
  1. Frontal lobe
    located in the front and top of the brain
    Responsible for higher mental processes, decision making and production of fluent speech.
  2. parietal lobe
    Located at the top and back for each cerebral hemisphere
    contains the centers for touch, taste and temperature sensations.
  3. occipital lobe
    Located at the back and base of each cerebral hemisphere.
    Contains the vision centers of the brain.
  4. temporal lobe
    Located just behind the temples
    containing neurons responsible for the sense of hearing and meaningful speech.
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4
Q

Corpus callosum

A

is a thick band of neurons that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres

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5
Q

sensorimotor cortex

A

area of neurons running down the front of the parietal lobes.

responsible for processing information from the skin and internal body receptors for touch, temperature, body position, and possible taste.

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6
Q

Motor cortex

A

section of the frontal lobe located at the back.

Responsible for sending motor commands to the muscles of the somatic nervous system.

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7
Q

Broca’s area

A

an association area located in the left frontal lobe

responsible for producing fluent, understandable speech.

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8
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

an association area located in the left temporal lobe,

responsible for the understanding of language.

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9
Q

cerebellum

A

part of the lower brain behind the pons

controls and coordinates involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement.

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10
Q

medulla

A

The first large “swelling” at the top of the spinal cord, forming the lowest part of the brain,

which is responsible for life-sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing, and heart rate.

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11
Q

pons

A

the larger “swelling” above the medulla

connects the top of the brain to the bottom and that influences sleep, dreaming, left-right body coordination, and arousal.

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12
Q

reticular formation

A

an area of neurons running through the middle of the medulla and the pons and slightly beyond that

controls arousal, alertness, and sleep

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13
Q

limbic system

A

a group of several brain structures located under the cortex
involved in learning, emotion, memory and motivation

includes:
Thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate cortex.

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14
Q

Thalamus

A

part of the limbic system located in the center of the brain

this structure processes and relays sensory information to the proper areas of the cortex.

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15
Q

Hypothalamus

A

small structure located below the thalamus and directly above the pituitary gland

responsible for motivational behaviour such as sleep, hunger, thirst and sex

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16
Q

Hippocampus

A

curved structure located within each temporal lobe

responsible for the formation of long-term memories and the storage of memory for the location of objects

17
Q

amygdala

A

structure located near the hippocampus

responsible for fear responses and memory of fear