The Brachium and Elbow (Exam 1) Flashcards
What is clinically significant about the supracondylar process
extra ligament that can impinge medial nerve
What is the ligament at the supracondylar process
ligament of struthers
What are the different joints found at the elbow
Humeroulnar and Humeroradial
What type of joint is the humerolunar joint
synovial hinge
What type of joint is the humerolradial
synovial hinge
What do the humerolulnar and humeroradial joint allow for movement wise
flexion and extension of the forearm
What types of joint is the proximal radial and ulnar joint
synovial pivot
What is the function of the proximal radioulnar joint
allows supination and pronation
What is the function of the anular ligament
holds head of radius into the elbow joint
What is the clinical importance of the anular ligament
involved in Handmaid’s elbow
What is handmaid’s elbow
sudden yank on the arm leads to popping the annular ligament and subluxation of the radial head
What is the importance of the ulnar collateral ligament
Holds the ulna to the humerus
What is clinically significant about the ulnar collateral ligament
commonly injured in pitches
What is at risk when repairing the ulnar collateral ligament
ulnar nerve
What are the different compartments of the brachium
anterior and posterior
What muscles as a whole compose the anterior compartment of the brachium
flexors of the forearm
What msucles as a whole compose the posterior compartment of the brachium
extensors of the forearm
What runs between the anterior and posterior compartments of the brachium
neurovascular bundles
What are the 3 main muscles of the anterior arm
biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis
What are the attachments, innervation, and actions of the biceps brachii
Proximal: long head: supraglenoid tubercle
short head: coracoid process
Distal: radial tuberosity
Innerve: musculocutaneous nn.
Function: flex the forearm, supination
What are the attachments, innervation, and actions of the brachialis muscle
Humerus to the ulnar tuberosity
Innervation: musculocutaneous
Action: flexion of the arm
What are the attachments, actions, and innervation of coracobrachialis
coracoid process to humerus
Musculocutaneous
shoulder flexion
What muscle assists in supination of the arm
biceps brachii
What part of the biceps brachii assists in supination
aponeurois on top of the cubital fossa
What is the muscle of the posterior compartment
triceps brachii
What are the attachments of the different heads of the triceps
Long: infraglenoid tubercle
Medial: posterior humerus
Lateral: posterior humerus
Where do the triceps brachii heads attach
olecranon
What is the action and innervation of triceps brachii
extension of elbow
Long head: extension of shoulder
radial nn
What is the function of muscle stretch reflex testing
tests innervation to a muscle and also examines motor function
In order to have a normal muscle stretch reflex, what do you need
both motor and sensory innervation to a muscle
What are the terminal branches of the brachial artery
Radial and ulnar arteries
profunda brachii
What is the anastomes in the brachium
collateral arteries anastamose with recurrent arteries
recurrent arteries can backfill brachial artery to maintain circulation around elbow
What structures are at risk during a mid shaft humerus fracture
radial nn
profunda brachial aa
What structures are at risk during fracture to the surgical neck of the humerus
axillary and posterior circumflex humeral artery
What structures are at risk during a fracture of the medial epicondyle of the humerus
ulnar nerve
What structures are at risk during a fracture to the supracondylar humerus
median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)
median runs through a groove
Where would fracture of the lesser tuberosity cause
subscapularis will pull bone and displace it (medial rotater)
Where would fracture bone go if greater tuberosity fractured
displaced superiorly by supraspinatis, teres minor, and infraspinatus
Where would a fractured bone go if proximal shaft was fractured
pulled medially by pectoralis major and latissimus
Where would a fractured bone go if the distal shaft was fractured
pulled up by deltoid from the deltoid tuberosity
