The Brachium and Elbow (Exam 1)

Question 1

What is clinically significant about the supracondylar process

Answer 1

extra ligament that can impinge medial nerve

Question 2

What is the ligament at the supracondylar process

Answer 2

ligament of struthers

Question 3

What are the different joints found at the elbow

Answer 3

Humeroulnar and Humeroradial

Question 4

What type of joint is the humerolunar joint

Answer 4

synovial hinge

Question 5

What type of joint is the humerolradial

Answer 5

synovial hinge

Question 6

What do the humerolulnar and humeroradial joint allow for movement wise

Answer 6

flexion and extension of the forearm

Question 7

What types of joint is the proximal radial and ulnar joint

Answer 7

synovial pivot

Question 8

What is the function of the proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 8

allows supination and pronation

Question 9

What is the function of the anular ligament

Answer 9

holds head of radius into the elbow joint

Question 10

What is the clinical importance of the anular ligament

Answer 10

involved in Handmaid’s elbow

Question 11

What is handmaid’s elbow

Answer 11

sudden yank on the arm leads to popping the annular ligament and subluxation of the radial head

Question 12

What is the importance of the ulnar collateral ligament

Answer 12

Holds the ulna to the humerus

Question 13

What is clinically significant about the ulnar collateral ligament

Answer 13

commonly injured in pitches

Question 14

What is at risk when repairing the ulnar collateral ligament

Answer 14

ulnar nerve

Question 15

What are the different compartments of the brachium

Answer 15

anterior and posterior

Question 16

What muscles as a whole compose the anterior compartment of the brachium

Answer 16

flexors of the forearm

Question 17

What msucles as a whole compose the posterior compartment of the brachium

Answer 17

extensors of the forearm

Question 18

What runs between the anterior and posterior compartments of the brachium

Answer 18

neurovascular bundles

Question 19

What are the 3 main muscles of the anterior arm

Answer 19

biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis

Question 20

What are the attachments, innervation, and actions of the biceps brachii

Answer 20

Proximal: long head: supraglenoid tubercle
short head: coracoid process

Distal: radial tuberosity

Innerve: musculocutaneous nn.

Function: flex the forearm, supination

Question 21

What are the attachments, innervation, and actions of the brachialis muscle

Answer 21

Humerus to the ulnar tuberosity

Innervation: musculocutaneous

Action: flexion of the arm

Question 22

What are the attachments, actions, and innervation of coracobrachialis

Answer 22

coracoid process to humerus

Musculocutaneous

shoulder flexion

Question 23

What muscle assists in supination of the arm

Answer 23

biceps brachii

Question 24

What part of the biceps brachii assists in supination

Answer 24

aponeurois on top of the cubital fossa

Question 25

What is the muscle of the posterior compartment

Answer 25

triceps brachii

Question 26

What are the attachments of the different heads of the triceps

Answer 26

Long: infraglenoid tubercle Medial: posterior humerus Lateral: posterior humerus

Question 27

Where do the triceps brachii heads attach

Answer 27

olecranon

Question 28

What is the action and innervation of triceps brachii

Answer 28

extension of elbow Long head: extension of shoulder radial nn

Question 29

What is the function of muscle stretch reflex testing

Answer 29

tests innervation to a muscle and also examines motor function

Question 30

In order to have a normal muscle stretch reflex, what do you need

Answer 30

both motor and sensory innervation to a muscle

Question 31

What are the terminal branches of the brachial artery

Answer 31

Radial and ulnar arteries profunda brachii

Question 32

What is the anastomes in the brachium

Answer 32

collateral arteries anastamose with recurrent arteries recurrent arteries can backfill brachial artery to maintain circulation around elbow

Question 33

What structures are at risk during a mid shaft humerus fracture

Answer 33

radial nn | profunda brachial aa

Question 34

What structures are at risk during fracture to the surgical neck of the humerus

Answer 34

axillary and posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 35

What structures are at risk during a fracture of the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Answer 35

ulnar nerve

Question 36

What structures are at risk during a fracture to the supracondylar humerus

Answer 36

median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) median runs through a groove

Question 37

Where would fracture of the lesser tuberosity cause

Answer 37

subscapularis will pull bone and displace it (medial rotater)

Question 38

Where would fracture bone go if greater tuberosity fractured

Answer 38

displaced superiorly by supraspinatis, teres minor, and infraspinatus

Question 39

Where would a fractured bone go if proximal shaft was fractured

Answer 39

pulled medially by pectoralis major and latissimus

Question 40

Where would a fractured bone go if the distal shaft was fractured

Answer 40

pulled up by deltoid from the deltoid tuberosity