Scapular Region (Exam 1) Flashcards
List the joints of the shoulder girdle
Sternoclavicular–the only “true” joint between shoulder and upper limb
We reduce what for range of motion
sacrifice stability
How is the axilla related to the bones in the shoulder girdle?
area between scapula and ribs
What ligament is damaged if there is acromioclavicular joint separation
acromioclavicular ligament
What ligaments are damaged for complete separation
acromiocalvicular and coracoclavicular ligaments
What is the function of the coracoclavicular ligament
anchors clavicle to the scapula
What are the three features of a synovial joint
articular cartilage
synovial membrane
fibrous capsule
What part of the scapula will the head of the humerus articulate with
glenoid fossa
What muscle will have a tendon that runs through the shoulder
long head of biceps brachii
What are the mechanisms to increase stability in the shoulder
thickening of joint capsule
long head of the biceps tendon
superior middle and inferior glenohumeral ligament
What lines the cavity of the glenohumeral joint
synovial sheath
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint
synovial ball and socket
What types of movements does the glenohumeral joint allow
wide range of motion
What muscles compose the rotator cuff
supraspinalis
infraspinalis
teres minor
subscapularis
What is the function of rotator cuff muscles
maintain joint stability by maintaining head of humerus on the glenoid
How does the trapezius affect the shoulder
important in rotation of scapula
What is the action of latissimus dorse
adduct arm, extension, medial rotation
What is the action, innervation, attachments, and blood supply to the deltoid muscles
Attachments: Lateral 1/3 acromion scapular spine, inferior to the deltoid tuberosity
Action: Abduct flex extend medial lateral rotate at glenoid humerus shoulder joint
Innervation: Axillary nerve C5-C6
Blood supply: acromial and deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
What are the actions of the rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatis: first 15 degrees of abduction
deltoid picks up after 15
Infraspinatus: lateral rotation
Teres minor: Lateral rotation
What nerves are the rotator cuff muscles innervated by
suprascapular nerve
axillary nerve
What are attachments of supraspinatus
supraspinous fossa to greater tubercle of humerus
What are the attachments of infraspinatus
infraspinous process to greater tubercle
What are the attachments of teres minor
lateral border of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus
What are the attachments of subscapularis
subscapular fossa to greater tubercle of huemrus
What muscles are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerves
levator scapulae
rhomboid minor
rhomboid major
What is the action, innervation, and attachments of serratus anterior
Protracts scapula, helps with abduction above 90 degrees
Long thoracic nerve
Medial border of scapula to ribs
What is unique about the innervation of serratus anterior
innervated on superifical suface unlike other muscles
What is a risk of the long thoracic nerve
if someone gets punched or shanked it is at risk
What procedure is the long thoracic nerve at risk
axillary lymph node removal
What can be seen if the long thoracic nerve is damaged
weakness in protraction of the shoulder
What is most likely the cause of scapular winging
serratus anterior paralysis
place forearm on wall and push
cannot hold the scapula against the ribs
What are the scapular areas
Quadrangular space
Triangular space
Triangular interval
What is in the quadrangular space
axillary nn
posterior circumflex humeral artery
What are the borders of the quadrangular space
Superior teres minor
Inferior teres major
medial: triceps brachii long head
lateral: humerus
What are the borders of the triangular space
inferior teres major
superior teres minor
lateral long head of triceps
What is found in the triangular space
circumflex scapular artery
What are the borders of the triangular interval
lateral humerus
medial triceps head long
superior teres minor
What is found in the triangular interval
profunda brachial artery
radial nn
How will the suprascapular nerve and artery relate to the transverse scapular ligament
artery goes over ligament
nerve goes under ligament
What vasculature is contributed to the shoulder from the subclavian artery
thyrocervical trunk: transverse or superficial cervical
suprascapular arteries
Where does the circumflex scapular artery originate from
Subscapular artery off the axillary artery
Where does the posterior circumflex humeral artery originate from
axillary artery
What are the main anastamoses seen in the shoulder
deep branch of transverse cervical
suprascapular
What anastomoses occur with the deep branch of transverse cervical
subscapular artery and subclavian vein
When the axillary artery is clamped, what can still provide blood to the limb
the deep branch of transcerse cervical artery
What anastomoses occur with the suprascapular
with the subscapular and deep branch of transverse cervical
