Concepts of the Upper Extremity (Exam 1) Flashcards
What is the function of the upper extremity
Manipulation of the environment
The upper extremity has a better ROM wher
in the anterior than the posterior
What parts compose the upper limb
Shoulder girdle Axilla Brachium Antebrachium Hand and Fingers
What is the pectoral girdle composed of
Scapula
Clavicle
Muscles that articulate them to the trunk
What does the axilla refer to
Transition between shoulder and upper extremity
How is the scapula tethered to the trunk
through the musculofascial scapulothoracic articulation
Where does the shoulder girdle articulate with the trunk
Sternoclavicular joint
What is the only true joint between the upper extremity and the shoulder
sternoclavicular joint
What are the rest of the structures outside of the sternoclavicular joint
muscle and fascia
You sacrifice what for increased ROM
stability
How are muscles compartmentalized
deep fascia forms a stocking around limbs that separates the muscles into compartments
All muscles within a compartment are what
innervated by the same nerve and have the same function
Describe the superficial fascia of the upper limb
composed of adipose, superficial veins, cutaneous arteries, and nerves
Describe the investing fascia of the upper limb
forms muscle compartments
leads to groups and innervation
What can the investing fascia of the upper limb cause clinically
compartment syndrome
What is the organization of veins in the upperlimb
arranges into superficial and deep networks
Where are superficial veins found in the upper extremity
outside superficial fascia
Where are deep veins found in the upper extremity
under deep fascia
What is vena comitantes
an artery with a vein on each side of it
What type of veins in the arm have vena comitantes
deep vascular network
Where will major neurovascular bundles be seen in muscular compartments
they run deep to compartments
How many spinal cord segments and peripheral nerves will supply a dermatome
single spinal cord segment
multiple peripheral nerves
What does sensory loss in a dermatome pattern indicated
injury to spinal nerve
What is an injury to the spinal nerve called
radiculopathy
What does sensory loss in a cutaneous nerve pattern suggest
injury distally to the spinal nerve
What is injury distally to the spinal nerve called
neuropathy
What dermatomes will have an overlapping pattern
adjacent dermatomes
What dermatomes will not have an overlapping pattern
non-adjacent
List the myotomes of the shoulder
trapezius
pectoral
latissimus
serratus anterior
What is the myotome of trapezius
CN X1 and C3-4
What is the myotome of the pectoral
C5-C8- pectoral nerves
What is the myotome of latissimus dorsi
C6-C8- thoracodorsal
What is the myotome of serratus anterior
C5-C7–long thoracic nn.
What are the myotomes of the arm
anterior and posterior (c5-c8)
What is the anterior nerve of the arm
musculocutaneous nerve
What is the psoterior nerve of the arm
radial nerve
What are the myotomes of the forearm
Anterior
posterior (C6-8)
What is the anterior nerve of the forearm
median and ulnar (1.5 muscles)
What is the posterior nerve of the forearm
radial
What does weakness in a myotome patten indicate injury in
spinal nerve (radiculopathy)
What does weakness limited to muscle innervated by 1 nerve indicate
injury to that individual nerve (neuropathy)
What is the axilla continuous with
neck and thorax
What are the major transitional areas in the upper extremity
axilla Quadrangular and Triangular space Triangular interval Cubital fossa Carpal tunnel Cubital tunnel Guyon's tunnel
What is the most common peripheral neuropathy
carpal tunnel
What is the second most common peripheral neuropathy
Guyon’s tunnel
When is the ulnar nerve at risk
Bump the medial epicondyle
Where is the ulnar nerve in relationship to the medial epicondyle
in contact with medial epicondyle in the cubital tunnel
What is importance of anastomoses in shoulder
can use collateral circulation when you clamp an artery during surgery or if blockage
How will lymph in the upper limb flow
from hand to axilla
Where are there little amounts of lymph nodes in the upper extremity. Where are there a lot
little in the arm
a lot in the axilla
