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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy > Concepts of the Upper Extremity (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Concepts of the Upper Extremity (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the upper extremity

A

Manipulation of the environment

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2
Q

The upper extremity has a better ROM wher

A

in the anterior than the posterior

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3
Q

What parts compose the upper limb

A 
Shoulder girdle
Axilla
Brachium
Antebrachium
Hand and Fingers
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4
Q

What is the pectoral girdle composed of

A

Scapula
Clavicle
Muscles that articulate them to the trunk

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5
Q

What does the axilla refer to

A

Transition between shoulder and upper extremity

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6
Q

How is the scapula tethered to the trunk

A

through the musculofascial scapulothoracic articulation

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7
Q

Where does the shoulder girdle articulate with the trunk

A

Sternoclavicular joint

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8
Q

What is the only true joint between the upper extremity and the shoulder

A

sternoclavicular joint

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9
Q

What are the rest of the structures outside of the sternoclavicular joint

A

muscle and fascia

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10
Q

You sacrifice what for increased ROM

A

stability

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11
Q

How are muscles compartmentalized

A

deep fascia forms a stocking around limbs that separates the muscles into compartments

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12
Q

All muscles within a compartment are what

A

innervated by the same nerve and have the same function

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13
Q

Describe the superficial fascia of the upper limb

A

composed of adipose, superficial veins, cutaneous arteries, and nerves

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14
Q

Describe the investing fascia of the upper limb

A

forms muscle compartments

leads to groups and innervation

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15
Q

What can the investing fascia of the upper limb cause clinically

A

compartment syndrome

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16
Q

What is the organization of veins in the upperlimb

A

arranges into superficial and deep networks

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17
Q

Where are superficial veins found in the upper extremity

A

outside superficial fascia

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18
Q

Where are deep veins found in the upper extremity

A

under deep fascia

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19
Q

What is vena comitantes

A

an artery with a vein on each side of it

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20
Q

What type of veins in the arm have vena comitantes

A

deep vascular network

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21
Q

Where will major neurovascular bundles be seen in muscular compartments

A

they run deep to compartments

22
Q

How many spinal cord segments and peripheral nerves will supply a dermatome

A

single spinal cord segment

multiple peripheral nerves

23
Q

What does sensory loss in a dermatome pattern indicated

A

injury to spinal nerve

24
Q

What is an injury to the spinal nerve called

A

radiculopathy

25
Q

What does sensory loss in a cutaneous nerve pattern suggest

A

injury distally to the spinal nerve

26
Q

What is injury distally to the spinal nerve called

A

neuropathy

27
Q

What dermatomes will have an overlapping pattern

A

adjacent dermatomes

28
Q

What dermatomes will not have an overlapping pattern

A

non-adjacent

29
Q

List the myotomes of the shoulder

A

trapezius
pectoral
latissimus
serratus anterior

30
Q

What is the myotome of trapezius

A

CN X1 and C3-4

31
Q

What is the myotome of the pectoral

A

C5-C8- pectoral nerves

32
Q

What is the myotome of latissimus dorsi

A

C6-C8- thoracodorsal

33
Q

What is the myotome of serratus anterior

A

C5-C7–long thoracic nn.

34
Q

What are the myotomes of the arm

A

anterior and posterior (c5-c8)

35
Q

What is the anterior nerve of the arm

A

musculocutaneous nerve

36
Q

What is the psoterior nerve of the arm

A

radial nerve

37
Q

What are the myotomes of the forearm

A

Anterior

posterior (C6-8)

38
Q

What is the anterior nerve of the forearm

A

median and ulnar (1.5 muscles)

39
Q

What is the posterior nerve of the forearm

A

radial

40
Q

What does weakness in a myotome patten indicate injury in

A

spinal nerve (radiculopathy)

41
Q

What does weakness limited to muscle innervated by 1 nerve indicate

A

injury to that individual nerve (neuropathy)

42
Q

What is the axilla continuous with

A

neck and thorax

43
Q

What are the major transitional areas in the upper extremity

A 
axilla
Quadrangular and Triangular space
Triangular interval
Cubital fossa
Carpal tunnel
Cubital tunnel
Guyon's tunnel
44
Q

What is the most common peripheral neuropathy

A

carpal tunnel

45
Q

What is the second most common peripheral neuropathy

A

Guyon’s tunnel

46
Q

When is the ulnar nerve at risk

A

Bump the medial epicondyle

47
Q

Where is the ulnar nerve in relationship to the medial epicondyle

A

in contact with medial epicondyle in the cubital tunnel

48
Q

What is importance of anastomoses in shoulder

A

can use collateral circulation when you clamp an artery during surgery or if blockage

49
Q

How will lymph in the upper limb flow

A

from hand to axilla

50
Q

Where are there little amounts of lymph nodes in the upper extremity. Where are there a lot

A

little in the arm

a lot in the axilla

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy (12 decks)

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