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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy > Hand (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Hand (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joints are the carpometacarpals

A

synovial, plane gliding

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2
Q

What type of joints are the intermetacarpals

A

synovial plane gliding

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3
Q

What type of joints are the metacarop-phalangeal

A

synovial, condyloid (proximal and distal)

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4
Q

What type of joints are the interphalangeal

A

synovial, hinge

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5
Q

What join the fingers will allow abduction and adduction

A

metacarpo-phalangeal: synovial condyloid joint

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6
Q

What join in the fingers will allow flexion and extension

A

proximal and distal interphalangeal

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7
Q

What type of joint is the 1st carpometacarpal joint

A

synvoial saddle

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8
Q

What types of movement are permitted at the 1st carpometacarpal joint

A 
adduction
abduction
extension
flexion
opposition
reposition
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9
Q

Where does the C7 dermatome go

A

middle finger

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10
Q

What arterial arches are seen at the radial and ulnar arterial arches

A

superficial palmar arch at ulnar and deep palmar arch at radial

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11
Q

What are the PAD muscles

A

the interosseous palmar muscles that adduct

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12
Q

What are the DAB muscles

A

the interosseous palmar muscles that abduct

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13
Q

What muscles in the hand are innervated by median nerve

A

(2 Loaf)

2 lumbricals, opponens, abductor, and a flexor

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14
Q

What are the myotomes of the hand

A

c8-t1

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15
Q

What are the dermatomes of the hand

A

C6 thumb
C7 Middle finger
C8 pinky

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16
Q

What causes Dupytren’s contracture

A

fibrotic thickening and shortening of palmar aponeuroses

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17
Q

What occurs during Dupytren’s contracture

A

pulls digits 5 and 6 into the palm of the hand and you cannot move these digits

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18
Q

Is Dupytren’s contracture a neurologic condition

A

no, it is dysfunction of CT

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19
Q

Wheres is the midpalmar space found within the hand

A

found between the deep muscles and central compartment of the hand

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20
Q

What is the clinical correlation regarding the midpalmar space

A

travels from the hand to the carpal tunnel to the forearm: infection can spread from hand and damage median nerve and travel to forearm

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21
Q

What compartment of the hand are the tendons held within

A

central compartment

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22
Q

What is the thenar space

A

thumb space

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23
Q

What is the hypothenar space

A

pinky

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24
Q

What are the borders of the carpal tunnel

A

floor: carpal bones
Roof: flexor retinaculum (scaffoid, trapezium)

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25
Q

What will run through the flexor retinaculum

A

tendon of flexor carpi radialis

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26
Q

What structures run through the carpal tunnel

A

flexor digitorum profundus tendons (4)
flexor digitorum superficialis tnedons (4)
flexor pollicis longus tendon (1)
median nerve

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27
Q

Will the palmar cutaneous nerve be affected in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

no as it branches off above the tunnel

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28
Q

Where is Guyon’s canal located

A

between hamate and pisiform carpal bones

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29
Q

What causes handle bar neuropathy

A

numbness from compression the ulnar nerve in guyon’s tunnel

30
Q

What are the main points of compression of the ulnar nerve

A

palmar carpal ligament
transverse carpal ligament
deep motor ulnar branch
superficial sensory ulnar branch

31
Q

What synovial digit sheaths are continous with the palm

A

digits 1-5 are connected to the sheath of the palm

digits 2-4 are continuous with the palm

32
Q

Name the thenar muscles

A

abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

33
Q

What are the thenar muscles innervated by

A

recurrent branch of the median nerve

34
Q

What is another name for the recurrent branch of the median nerve

A

million dollar nerve

35
Q

What happens if you cut the recurrent branch of the median nerve

A

you cannot use the thumb

36
Q

Name the hypothenar muscles

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi

37
Q

What are the interosseous muscles

A

4 dorsals and 3 palmar muscles

38
Q

What do the 4 dorsal interosseous muscles do

A

abduct

39
Q

What do the 3 palmar interosseous muscles do

A

adduct

40
Q

What are the interosseous muscles innervated by

A

ulnar nerve

41
Q

Which finger lacks a palmar interossei

A

middle finger

42
Q

What are the lumbricale muscles

A

run along the radial side of each digit and attach to the extensor hood

43
Q

What is the innervation of lumbricale muscles

A

digits 2-3 are median nerve

digits 4-5 are ulnar nerve

44
Q

What is adductor pollicis innervated by

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

45
Q

What are the actions of the lumbricals

A

flexes the MP joint and extends the IP joint

46
Q

What is the function of the dorsal interosseous muscle

A

abduction of the thumb

47
Q

What muscles connect to the extensor hood

A

interosseous muscles and lumbricals

48
Q

What is ulnar claw

A

muscles of digits 4 and 5 have lost innervation from the ulnar nerve

49
Q

What is Klumpke’s palsy

A

clawing of digits 2-5 due to damage to C8-T1, all lumbricals and interosseous muscles are paralyzed

50
Q

What is the arterial supply to the hand

A

superficial palmar arch

51
Q

What is the superficial palmar arch

A

direct continuation of ulnar artery on top of digitorum tendons

52
Q

Where is the radial pulse taken

A

lateral aspect of hand near the base of the thumb

53
Q

What arterial arches of the hand are associated with the ulnar and radial arteries

A

superficial palmar arch and deep palmar arch

54
Q

Which artery is more involved in the superficial palmar arch

A

ulnar

55
Q

Which artery is more involved in the deep palmar arch

A

radial

56
Q

Which arch is more distal

A

superficial palmar arch

57
Q

Which arterial arch is more proximal

A

deep palmar arch

58
Q

Are the arches always a full arch

A

no, sometimes arches can be incomplete

59
Q

How is the deep palmar arch related to the interosseous muscles

A

runs with deep branch of ulnar nerve that supplies all the deep muscles

60
Q

What are the branches off of the superficial arch

A

common palmar digital arteries that give rise to proper digital arteries

61
Q

What are the branches off of the deep palmar arch

A
  1. palmar metacarpal arteries x3
  2. perforating brs (join dorsal metacarpal aa.)
  3. Recurrent brs (join palmar carpal arch)
62
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the digits

A

arteries and nerves on palmar side go to the tip and go back over the top

63
Q

Do dorsal nerves and arteries supply the tip of phalanges

A

no, they are too short

64
Q

What are the borders of the anatomical snuff box

A

extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis longus

65
Q

What is the palmar branch of the median nerve

A

supplies the skin over the thenar compartment and center of the palm

66
Q

What is the clinical significance of the palmar branch of the median nerve

A

Does not go through the carpal tunnel and will not be affected by carpal tunnel syndrome

thus, no loss of sensation with carpal tunnel, if nerve injury is higher sensation can be lost

67
Q

What is the course of the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve and clinical relevance

A

travels over guyons tunnel, thus will not be affected when there is compression

will still have sensation over the last 2 digits

68
Q

What nerve is referred to as the million dollar nerve

A

recurrent branch of median nerve

69
Q

Where does the recurrent branch of the median nerve travel

A

over the top of the carpal tunnel, more superficial

70
Q

Where would sensory loss occur in a radial nerve injury

A

dorsum of the hand

palmar surface okay

71
Q

Where would sensory loss occur if there were damage to C6

A

both dorsum and palmar surface as it innervates both

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy (12 decks)

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