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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy > MS1 Musculature of the Back- Intrinsic > Flashcards

MS1 Musculature of the Back- Intrinsic Flashcards

1
Q

What do the intrinsic back muscles act on

A

the vertebral column and skull

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2
Q

What are intrinsic back muscles innervated by

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves

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3
Q

What covers the deep muscles of the back

A

thoracolumbar fascia

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4
Q

What superficial back muscle will attach to thoracolumbar fascia

A

latissimus dorsi

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5
Q

What muscles are covered by thoracolumbar fascia

A

intrinsic back muscles

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6
Q

What are the attachments of the thoracolumbar fascia

A

Superior: continuous with deep fascia of the neck

Inferior: lower border of Rib 12 and iliac crest

Medial: spinous and transverse processes

Lateral: angles of ribs and lateral abdominal wall muscles

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7
Q

What are the three layers of thoracolumbar fascia

A

anterior
middle
posterior

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8
Q

Where do the three layers of thoracolumbar fascia terminate

A

terminate at attachment of transversus abdominus muscle

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9
Q

Describe the location of the posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia

A

most superficial

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10
Q

What is the function of the posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia

A

covers deep muscles of the back

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11
Q

What is the function of the middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia

A

separates deep back muscles from posterior abdominal wall

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12
Q

What is the function of the anterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia

A

separates abdominal cavity from posterior abdominal wall

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13
Q

How many layers are there of deep muscles

A

3

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14
Q

What muscles are included in the most superficial deep muscle layer

A

Spinotransversales

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15
Q

What is the proximal origin of the splenius capitis

A

nuchal ligament

spinous processes of C7-T4

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16
Q

What is the distal insertion of the splecius capitis

A

mastoid process

superior nuchal line

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17
Q

What is the proximal origin of the splenius cervicis

A

Spinous processes T3-T6

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18
Q

What is the distal insertion of the splenius cervicis

A

transverse processes of C1-C3

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19
Q

What muscles are included in the spinotransversales muscles

A

Splenius Capitis

Splenius Cervicis

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20
Q

What is the unilateral action of the Spinotransversales

A

rotate to ipsilateral side, lateral flexion

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21
Q

What is the bilateral action of the spinotransversales msucles

A

extension of the head and neck

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22
Q

What is the blood supply to the Spinotransversales muscles

A

Occipital and segmental arteries (come out at every level and supply body wall)

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23
Q

What muscles are included in the erector spinae muscles

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

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24
Q

What is the proximal origin of iliocostalis

A

ileum and sacrum

lumbar

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25
Q

Where is the distal insertion of iliocostalis

A

ribs

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26
Q

Where is the proximal origin of longissimus

A

ileum, sacrum, lumbar

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27
Q

Where is the distal insertion of longissimus

A

mastoid process and transverse process

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28
Q

What is the proximal origin of spinalis

A

ileum, sacrum, lumbar

29
Q

What is the distal insertion of spinalis

A

spinous processes

30
Q

What is the unilateral action of erector spinae

A

lateral flexion of the spine

31
Q

What is the bilateral action of erector spinae

A

erect the spine

32
Q

What muscle is the main extensor of the vertebral column

A

erector spinae muscle group

33
Q

What muscle for transversospinales

A

Semispinalis
Multifidas
Rotatores

34
Q

Where are the general origins and insertions of the transversospinales

A

transverse process to the spinous process

35
Q

Where is semispinalis found

A

most prominent in thoracic region

36
Q

How many vertebrae does semispinalis span

A

4-6 vertebral span

37
Q

Where is multifidus found

A

most prominent in lumbar region

38
Q

How many vertebrae does multifidus span

A

2-4 vertebrae

39
Q

Where is rotatores located

A

entire spinal column

40
Q

How many vertebrae does rotatores span

A

1-2

41
Q

What is the unilateral action of transversospinales

A

rotation to the opposite side

42
Q

What is the bilateral action of transversospinales

A

erection and support

43
Q

What is the origin of semispinalis capitis

A

transverse processes of C7-T6

44
Q

What is the insertion of semispinalis capitis

A

occipital bone

45
Q

What are the intersegmental muscles

A

Intertransversarii and
Interspinales (true segmental)

Levatores costarum

46
Q

What is the action of intertransversarii and interspinales muscles

A

support

47
Q

What is the action of levatores costarum

A

elevates ribs (transverse process to ribs at thoracic region)

48
Q

What type of muscle is the levatores costarum

A

an accessory respiratory muscles

49
Q

Where is the suboccipital region found

A

associated with posterior aspects of C1 and C2

deep to semispinalis capitis

50
Q

What is the proximal origin of rectus capitis posterior minor

A

inferior nuchal line

51
Q

Where is the distal insertion of rectus capitis posterior minor

A

tubercle C1

52
Q

What is the proximal origin of rectus capitis posterior major

A

inferior nuchal line

53
Q

Where is the distal insertion of rectus capitis

A

spinous process C2

54
Q

What is the proximal origin for obliquus capitis superior

A

between superior and inferior nuchal lines

55
Q

Where is the distal insertion of obliquus capitis superior

A

transverse process of C1

56
Q

What is the proximal origin of obliquus capitis inferior

A

transverse process C1

57
Q

What is the distal insertion of obliquus capitis inferior

A

spinous process of C2

58
Q

What is the function of the suboccipital muscles

A

support of the head
extension of the head on the neck
lateral flexion

59
Q

What is the innervation of the suboccipital muscles

A

suboccipital nerve (C1 posterior ramus)

60
Q

What is the vascular supply to the suboccipital muscles

A

vertebral and occipital arteries

61
Q

What muscles form the suboccipital triangle

A

rectus capitis posterior major
obliqus capitis inferior
obliqus capitis superior

62
Q

What are the contents of the suboccipital triangle

A

vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve (C1)

63
Q

What is the function of the greater occipital nerve

A

strictly sensory to the back of the head

64
Q

What is the clinical correlation for the function of the greater occipital nerve

A

transverses semispinalis capitis: dysfunction can lead to sensory issues on back of head

65
Q

What is the function of the suboccipital nerve

A

motor to the muscles of the sub occipital triangle, no cutaneous or sensory branch

66
Q

What is suboccipital release

A

place pressure on back of skull in order to release semispinalis capitis muscle and releave tension on greater occipital nerve (posterior rami C2)

67
Q

What is the cervical myodural bridge

A

connection between cervical dura and CT of suboccipital muscles

68
Q

What is the function of the cervical myodural bridge

A

implications in movements of CSF

69
Q

What is a clinical correlation for cervical myodural bridge

A

possible cause of cervicogenic headaches

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy (12 decks)

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