The Antebrachium and Wrist (Exam 1) Flashcards
What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint
synovial condyloid
Where does the radius articulate in the wrist
with scaffoid and lunate bones
What is the most commonly fractured bone in the hand
scaffoid bone
What is the most commonly way to fracture the scaffoid bone
falling on outstretched hand can lead to avascular necrosis
What is the most commonly dislocated bone of the hand
carpal bone
What is the most commonly fractured bone in the body
clavicle
What nerve is at risk in the lunate bone is dislocated
median nerve in the carpal tunnel
What are the lower arm joints
radioulnar joint
elbow joint
radiocarpal joint
and osseous membrane
What type of joint is the osseous membrane
syndesmoses
WHat is the function of the osseous membrane
holds the bones together during supination and pronation
What type of joint is the radioulnar joint
synovial plane
What does the radioulnar joint allow
gliding
What type of joint is the elbow joint
synovial hinge
What functions does the elbow joint allow
flexion and extension
What type of joint is the radial carpal joint
Synovial condyloid
What type of movements does the radiocarpal joints allow
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction
What type of joint is seen between the thumb and carpal bones
synovial saddle
What type of movements occur at the thumb due to synovial saddle joint
extension, flexion, adduction, abduction, and circumduction
How many compartments does the antebrachium have
2 compartments, anterior and posterior
What is the carpal tunnel composed/ bounderies of
Floor: carpal bones
Top: dense CT
What nerve is at risk of compression in the carpal tunnel
Median nerve
What can cause compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel
tendons are overused or the synovial covering swells
What is the most common compressive neuropathy
median nerve at the carpal tunnel
What is the common attachment for the muscles in the flexor compartment
medial epicondyle
What is the clinical correlation for flexor muscles attaching at the medial epicondyle
Medial epicondylitis
What is medial epicondylitis
irritation from repeated overuse or repetitive motions (common in golfers)
What is the innervation of the muscles in the flexor compartment of the antebrachium
Median nerve innervation for all but the flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundas. These are innervated by the ulnar nerve
List the innervation to the tendons of the hand from flexor digitorum profunda
2-3 median
4-5 ulnar
What are the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
What are the intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm
Flexor digitorum superficialis
What is the function of pronator teres
pronates the hand
What is the function of flexor carpi radialis
supports and flexes wrist
What is the function of flexor carpi ulnaris
supports and flexes hand on ulnar side
What is the function of palmaris longus
flexion of the hand
Where is palmaris longus located
Between flexors
What are the bones closest to the radius and ulna called
carpals
What bones are immediately more distal to the carpals
meta carpals
What is the generalized name for the bones more distal to the carpals
phalanges
What are the phalanges broken down into
proximal
middle
distal
What is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis
flexes wrist, MIP and PIP joints
What nerve may pass through pronator teres
median nerve
What is the clinical significance of the median nerve passing through pronator teres
if compressed by the muscle, everything distally is affected
What muscles are found in the deep compartment of the anterior forearm
extensor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus
Where will tendons of flexor digitorum profundus be seen
running through the carpal tunnel to distal phalanges
What is the relationship of flexor digitorum superficialis tendons and the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus within the digits
when you reach the fingers, the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis will split and allow another tendon to pass through to digits 2-5
What is the common attachment for most of the muscles in the extensor compartment of the forearm
lateral epicondyle
What is the innervation of all muscles of the psoterior compartment of the forearm
radial
What causes tennis elbow
lateral epicondylitis
What is lateral epicondylitis
irritation to tendons at the lateral epicondyle compressing the radial nerve
What are the superficial muscles of the posterior arm
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
What is the function of the brachioradialis
flexion of the elbow, especially while pronated
What is the only muscle that does flexion in the posterior compartment
brachioradialis
What are the intermediate muscles of the posterior forearm
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digiti minimi
extensor digitorum
What is the function of extensor carpi ulnaris
extends wrist on ulnar side
What is the function extensor digiti minimi
extensor msucle just for the pinky finger
What is the function of extensor digitorum
extension of digits 2-5
What tendons are seen in the pinky finger
extensor digiti minimi
extensor digitorum
What are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm
Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor incis
What is the most proximal thumb muscle
abductor pollicis longus
What are the functions of abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus
to extend the index finger
What is the significance of lister’s tubercle
used to change direction of extensor pollicis longus from medial to lateral
What is the extensor hood
tendon in the phalange in which muscles will attach within the hand
What is contained within the cubital fossa
biceps tendon, brachial artery, and median nerve
What is the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa used for
biceps reflex
Where is the ulnar nerve in the forearm
behind the medial epicondyle
What is the lateral vein of the cubital fossa
cephalic vein
What is the medial vein of the cubital fossa
basillic vein
What connects the cephalic and basilic vein
median cubital vein
What nerve runs near the cephalic vein
lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
What nerve runs near the basilic vein
medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Where are neurovascular bundles seen in the forearm
mainly on the anterior compartment, not as much on the posterior side
What are the spaces in which the ulnar nerve may become compressed
behind the medial epicondyle or in tunnel of flexor carpi ulnaris tendon
What neurovasculature is seen in the posterior compartment
posterior interosseous nerve and artery
