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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy > The Antebrachium and Wrist (Exam 1) > Flashcards

The Antebrachium and Wrist (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint

A

synovial condyloid

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2
Q

Where does the radius articulate in the wrist

A

with scaffoid and lunate bones

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3
Q

What is the most commonly fractured bone in the hand

A

scaffoid bone

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4
Q

What is the most commonly way to fracture the scaffoid bone

A

falling on outstretched hand can lead to avascular necrosis

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5
Q

What is the most commonly dislocated bone of the hand

A

carpal bone

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6
Q

What is the most commonly fractured bone in the body

A

clavicle

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7
Q

What nerve is at risk in the lunate bone is dislocated

A

median nerve in the carpal tunnel

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8
Q

What are the lower arm joints

A

radioulnar joint
elbow joint
radiocarpal joint
and osseous membrane

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9
Q

What type of joint is the osseous membrane

A

syndesmoses

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10
Q

WHat is the function of the osseous membrane

A

holds the bones together during supination and pronation

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11
Q

What type of joint is the radioulnar joint

A

synovial plane

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12
Q

What does the radioulnar joint allow

A

gliding

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13
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint

A

synovial hinge

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14
Q

What functions does the elbow joint allow

A

flexion and extension

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15
Q

What type of joint is the radial carpal joint

A

Synovial condyloid

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16
Q

What type of movements does the radiocarpal joints allow

A

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction

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17
Q

What type of joint is seen between the thumb and carpal bones

A

synovial saddle

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18
Q

What type of movements occur at the thumb due to synovial saddle joint

A

extension, flexion, adduction, abduction, and circumduction

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19
Q

How many compartments does the antebrachium have

A

2 compartments, anterior and posterior

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20
Q

What is the carpal tunnel composed/ bounderies of

A

Floor: carpal bones
Top: dense CT

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21
Q

What nerve is at risk of compression in the carpal tunnel

A

Median nerve

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22
Q

What can cause compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel

A

tendons are overused or the synovial covering swells

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23
Q

What is the most common compressive neuropathy

A

median nerve at the carpal tunnel

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24
Q

What is the common attachment for the muscles in the flexor compartment

A

medial epicondyle

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25
Q

What is the clinical correlation for flexor muscles attaching at the medial epicondyle

A

Medial epicondylitis

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26
Q

What is medial epicondylitis

A

irritation from repeated overuse or repetitive motions (common in golfers)

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27
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles in the flexor compartment of the antebrachium

A

Median nerve innervation for all but the flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundas. These are innervated by the ulnar nerve

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28
Q

List the innervation to the tendons of the hand from flexor digitorum profunda

A

2-3 median

4-5 ulnar

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29
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus

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30
Q

What are the intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

31
Q

What is the function of pronator teres

A

pronates the hand

32
Q

What is the function of flexor carpi radialis

A

supports and flexes wrist

33
Q

What is the function of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

supports and flexes hand on ulnar side

34
Q

What is the function of palmaris longus

A

flexion of the hand

35
Q

Where is palmaris longus located

A

Between flexors

36
Q

What are the bones closest to the radius and ulna called

A

carpals

37
Q

What bones are immediately more distal to the carpals

A

meta carpals

38
Q

What is the generalized name for the bones more distal to the carpals

A

phalanges

39
Q

What are the phalanges broken down into

A

proximal
middle
distal

40
Q

What is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexes wrist, MIP and PIP joints

41
Q

What nerve may pass through pronator teres

A

median nerve

42
Q

What is the clinical significance of the median nerve passing through pronator teres

A

if compressed by the muscle, everything distally is affected

43
Q

What muscles are found in the deep compartment of the anterior forearm

A

extensor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

44
Q

Where will tendons of flexor digitorum profundus be seen

A

running through the carpal tunnel to distal phalanges

45
Q

What is the relationship of flexor digitorum superficialis tendons and the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus within the digits

A

when you reach the fingers, the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis will split and allow another tendon to pass through to digits 2-5

46
Q

What is the common attachment for most of the muscles in the extensor compartment of the forearm

A

lateral epicondyle

47
Q

What is the innervation of all muscles of the psoterior compartment of the forearm

A

radial

48
Q

What causes tennis elbow

A

lateral epicondylitis

49
Q

What is lateral epicondylitis

A

irritation to tendons at the lateral epicondyle compressing the radial nerve

50
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the posterior arm

A

brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis

51
Q

What is the function of the brachioradialis

A

flexion of the elbow, especially while pronated

52
Q

What is the only muscle that does flexion in the posterior compartment

A

brachioradialis

53
Q

What are the intermediate muscles of the posterior forearm

A

extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digiti minimi
extensor digitorum

54
Q

What is the function of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extends wrist on ulnar side

55
Q

What is the function extensor digiti minimi

A

extensor msucle just for the pinky finger

56
Q

What is the function of extensor digitorum

A

extension of digits 2-5

57
Q

What tendons are seen in the pinky finger

A

extensor digiti minimi

extensor digitorum

58
Q

What are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm

A 
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor incis
59
Q

What is the most proximal thumb muscle

A

abductor pollicis longus

60
Q

What are the functions of abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus

A

to extend the index finger

61
Q

What is the significance of lister’s tubercle

A

used to change direction of extensor pollicis longus from medial to lateral

62
Q

What is the extensor hood

A

tendon in the phalange in which muscles will attach within the hand

63
Q

What is contained within the cubital fossa

A

biceps tendon, brachial artery, and median nerve

64
Q

What is the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa used for

A

biceps reflex

65
Q

Where is the ulnar nerve in the forearm

A

behind the medial epicondyle

66
Q

What is the lateral vein of the cubital fossa

A

cephalic vein

67
Q

What is the medial vein of the cubital fossa

A

basillic vein

68
Q

What connects the cephalic and basilic vein

A

median cubital vein

69
Q

What nerve runs near the cephalic vein

A

lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

70
Q

What nerve runs near the basilic vein

A

medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

71
Q

Where are neurovascular bundles seen in the forearm

A

mainly on the anterior compartment, not as much on the posterior side

72
Q

What are the spaces in which the ulnar nerve may become compressed

A

behind the medial epicondyle or in tunnel of flexor carpi ulnaris tendon

73
Q

What neurovasculature is seen in the posterior compartment

A

posterior interosseous nerve and artery

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy (12 decks)

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