Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy > MS1 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

MS1 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of the PNS

A

cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia, and associated terminals (motor endings and sensory receptors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the spinal cord found

A

within the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord

A

allows communication between brain and body, conducts reflexes as part of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the positioning of the spinal cord within the vertebral canal

A

The spinal cord is shorter than the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes the spinal cord to be shorter than the vertebral column

A

differential growth

the vertebral canal grows faster than the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where will the spinal cord end in adults

A

L1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where will the spinal cord end in infants

A

L3-L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many nerve pairs are found in each segment of the spinal cord

A 
Cervical 8
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacral 5
Coccygeal 1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two enlargements of the spinal cord

A

cervical enlargement and lumbar enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the cervical enlargement

A

Innervation to the upper limb C5-T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the lumbar enlargment

A

L1 to S3, innervation to the lower leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is seen beyond the lumbar enlargment

A

spinal cord tapers to form conus medullaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is gray matter composed of

A

cell bodies of motor neurons in the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is white matter

A

axons of sensory neurons in the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is contained within the anterior horn of the spinal cord

A

Cell bodies of GSE neurons that will travel through the anterior root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is found in the DRG

A

cell bodies of sensory neurons through the posterior root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the conus medullaris

A

tapered termination of spinal cord past the lumbar enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the conus medullaris found

A

L1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the cauda equina

A

inferior projection from conus medullaris composed of lumbar and sacral roots to the lower limbs, buttocks, and perineum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the conus medularis surrounded by

A

CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is the conus medularis housed

A

lumbar cisterne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How are spinal nerves named

A

Cervical: based on the vertebral body number below, except for C8 (exit above vertebrae, except C8)

Thoracic and Lumbar are named for vertebral body above (exit below vertebrae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What spinal level will be affected by a posterolateral herniation

A

The spinal cord level below where the herniation occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What spinal level will be affected by a lateral herniation

A

THe spinal cord level at where the herniation occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

WHy do posterolateral herniations impact the nerve exiting below

A

spinal nerves hug a pedicle of the corresponding vertebrae as they exit through the intervertebral foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What do vertebral arteries contribute to the spinal cord

A

anterior and posterior spinal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do body wall arteries (from aorta) give rise to

A

segmental spinal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What do the segmental arteries give rise to

A

segmental medullary arteries

anterior and posterior radicular arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are segmental medullary arteries

A

feed spinal arteries 8-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are anterior and posterior radicular arteries and where are they located

A

every level, and supply roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the artery of Adamkiewicz

A

segmental medullary artery, major supply of blood to lower spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Why is the artery of Adamkiewicz significant from a clinical standpoint

A

it comes from the left and is at risk during hernia repair and abdominal surgeries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What occurs if the artery of Adamkiewicz is damaged

A

leads to weakness and sensory loss in the lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the clinical significance of venous drainage of the spinal cord and vertebral column

A

valveless and allows easy spread of cancer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What composes the venous drainage system of the spinal cord

A

anterior/posterior spinal veins
internal vertebral plexus
intervertebral veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Where is the internal vertebral plexus located

A

in the epidural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the venous system of the vertebral columns

A

basivertebral veins

external vertebral plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where are the basivertebral veins

A

in the vertebral bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Where are the anterior and posterior spinal veins

A

they go to the anterior and posterior roots of the spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the meninges found on the spinal cord

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What do the lateral extensions of the dura mater enclose

A

proximal portion of spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the name for the dura mater that covers the proximal portion of spinal nerve

A

dural root sheaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Where do the dural root sheaths go

A

merge with epineurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are the attachments of the dura mater

A

foramen magnum and vertebral bodies of C2-C3

inferiorly ends at S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What type of structure does the dura mater have

A

dense elastic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Does the dura mater receive blood supply and innervation

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the structure of the arachnoid mater

A

delicate fibrous and elastic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What connects the dura mater to the arachnoid mater

A

pressed against by the pressure of CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Where does the arachnoid mater extend to

A

extends to S2

51
Q

What does the arachnoid mater do at S2

A

lines the dural sac and dural root sheaths

52
Q

Where are arachnoid trabeculae found

A

In the subarachnoid space

53
Q

What are the meningeal spaces

A

subarachnoid
subdural space
epidural space

54
Q

Where is the epidural space

A

between bone and dura

55
Q

Is the epidural space a real or potential space

A

real

56
Q

What is another name for the epidural space

A

extradural space

57
Q

Where is the subdural space

A

between dura and arachnoid mater

58
Q

Is the subdural space real or potential

A

potential

59
Q

Where is the subarachnoid space

A

between arachnoid and pia mater

60
Q

Is the subarachnoid space real or potential

A

real

61
Q

What meningeal layer has denticulate ligaments

A

pia mater

62
Q

What is the function// structure of denticulate ligamaments

A

lateral extensions that anchor spinal cord to dura mater

63
Q

Describe the structure of the pia mater

A

thin transparent membrane that is vascular tissue

64
Q

Where is the pia mater located

A

invests brain and spinal cord, directly covers spinal nerves

65
Q

What is the filum terminale

A

pia mater exension that tethers the tip of the conus medullaris to the end of the sacrum

66
Q

When will filum terminale be invested in dura mater

A

S2

67
Q

What does the filum terminale become at S2

A

filum terminale externum

68
Q

What does the filum terminale externum do

A

descend to coccyx anchoring the spinal cord to the dural sac

69
Q

What is thethered cord syndrome

A

filum terminale is too short or there is something restricing its growth, sitting too low in the can, tension

70
Q

What layers need to be crossed to do a lumbar puncture

A

skin, superficial fascia, thoracolumbar fascia, erector spinae, multifidus, rotatores, interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, epidural space, dura mater, arachnoid mater

71
Q

What are the two pops heard in a lumbar puncture

A

pop through ligamentum flavum and dura mater

72
Q

What is the functional unit of the nervous system

A

neuron

73
Q

What is a neuron composed of

A

cell body, dendrites, axon

74
Q

How does a neuron receive and transmit information

A

receives info from other cells through dendrite

sends information to other cells through axon

75
Q

What are the different types of neurons

A

bipolar
pseudopolar
multipolar

76
Q

What are usually multipolar neurons

A

motor or interneurons

77
Q

What are bipolar neurons

A

special sensory

78
Q

Where are bipolar neurons typically found

A

retina and CN VIII

79
Q

What are usually uni/pseudopolar neurons

A

sensory

80
Q

Where are sensory neuron cell bodies usually found

A

in ganglia

81
Q

What are collections of neuronal cell bodies called in the CNS and PNS

A

ganglia in PNS

gray patter in CNS

82
Q

What are bundles of axons called in CNS and PNS

A

white matter in CNS

PNS: root, ramus, nerve

83
Q

How will afferent signals move

A

towards CNS

84
Q

What are afferent signals

A

sensory

85
Q

How will effernt move

A

away from CNS

86
Q

What are efferent signals

A

motor

87
Q

What is general innervation

A

touch, pressure, proprioception, vibration, pain and temperature

88
Q

What is somatic innervation

A

body wall

89
Q

What is visceral innervation

A

smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and erector pilli

90
Q

What are GSE neurons

A

general somatic efferent

91
Q

Where do GSE neurons go, what type of neuron, and what signal

A

to the body wall, motor, multipolar

92
Q

Where do GSA go, what type of neuron, and what signal

A

from body wall, sensory, pseudounipolar

93
Q

Where do GVE go, what signal and what type of innervation

A

to viscera, motor, autonomic innervation

94
Q

Where do GVA go and what signal type

A

viscera, sensory

95
Q

Where are the cell bodies of GSE

A

anterior horn of spinal cord

96
Q

How do GSE fibers run to innervate body

A

out anterior root
go to spinal nerve
split between anterior and posterior rami

97
Q

What type of info is carried in the anterior root

A

motor (GSE, GVE)

98
Q

What type of info is carried in the posterior root

A

sensory (GSA, GVA)

99
Q

What information is carried in a spinal nerve

A

motor and sensory

100
Q

What information carried in the posterior and anterior rami

A

motor and sensory

101
Q

What are the nerve plexuses discussed

A

lumbar and brachial

102
Q

What is the organization of a nerve and their related connective tissues

A

endoneurium around a single axon

perineurium around fascicle

epineurium coating around whole nerve

103
Q

What is a dermatome

A

area of skin innervated by a single spinal cord level

104
Q

What provides sensation to the posterior aspect of the neck and trunk

A

posterior rami

105
Q

What is a myotome

A

muscles innervated by a single spinal cord level

106
Q

What is neuropathy

A

pathology of a peripheral nerve

107
Q

What will neuropathy affect

A

structures the nerve innervates, not whole dermatome and myotomes

108
Q

What is radiculopathy

A

pathology of a spinal nerve or an anterior root

109
Q

What will radiculopathy affect

A

myotome or dermatome

110
Q

the cervical enlargment of the spinal cord is due to what structure

A

brachial plexus

111
Q

The lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord is due to what structure

A

lumbar plexus

112
Q

What is contained within the subarachnoid space

A

CSF, blood vessels, and CT

113
Q

where do 95% of disc herniations occur

A

L4-L5, or L5-S1

114
Q

WHen should an epidural not be performed

A

if you have a fresh tattoo in that area

115
Q

WHere is a lumbar puncture performed

A

above or below L4-L5 spinous process

116
Q

Is lumbar puncture safe in newborns

A

yes

117
Q

When should a lumbar puncture not be performed

A

when someone has cranial pressure as this will cause cranial herniation

118
Q

What are the segmental spinal arteries that are from certebral artery

A

variable segmental medullary arteries
anterior radicular
posterior radicular

119
Q

What plexus is a big role in metastasis of prostate cancer

A

basins plexus in vertebral venous system of internal venous plexus

120
Q

What is varicella zoster

A

chicken pox or shingles

121
Q

In shingles, how do we see lesions appear

A

along the dermatome

122
Q

Why does shingles follow the dermatome

A

infection is inside that spinal nerve level on one side

123
Q

What is a sclerotome

A

innervation of skeletal bones and cells

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions