Pectoral Region and Axilla (Exam 1) Flashcards
What is the fascia of the pectoral region continuous with
fascia of the neck and brachium
What sheath will transverse the pectoral region and axilla
axillary sheath
What does the axillary sheath contain
important neurovascular structures
What lymph nodes drain the breast
Anterior/ pectoral
What is the flow of lymph node drainage
- Anterior/pectoral
- Posterior/ subscapular
- Lateral
- Central
- Apical: terminal
What is unique about the structure of pectoralis major
3 different bands in the muscle
What do the 3 different bands of pectoralis major allow for
3 different functions
What is the major function of pectoralis major
Adduction of the humerus
Medial rotation
Flexion of humerus
What is the innervation of the pectoralis major
lateral and medial pectoral nerve
What are the actions of pectoralis minor
protraction of scapula
elevation of ribs
Why might a person with COPD or CHF place a hand on the table when trying to catch a breath
stabilizes scapula so that pectoralis minor can assist with lifting the rib cage
What are the attachements for pectoralis minor
ribs 3-5
coracoid process of scapula
What is the innervation of pectoralis minor
medial pectoral nerve
How will fascia around pec major and minor will affect the spread of infection
Deep to pectoral major is limited, as there is bone and fascia to stope the spread
underneath, pec minor infection can spread to the neck
What are the boundaries of the axilla
Rib cage Axial skin folds humerus scapula clavicle
What are the contents of the axilla
axillary artery
axillary vein/basilic vein
brachial plexus
lymphatics
What does the axillary sheath cover
brachial plexus
axillary artery
axillary and basilic veins
When does the subclavian vein become the axillary artery
as the vessel crosses rib 1
When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery
after it passes teres major
Where does the lateral thoracic artery go
to the top of the serratus anterior
What does the lateral thoracic artery run with
long thoracic nerve
Where does the circumlex scapular artery go
through the triangular space
Where does the anterior and posterior circumflex go
wraps around the humeurs
Which is larger, the anterior or posterior circumflex humeral artery
posterior
What are the three parts of the axillary artery
section 1
section 2
section 3
How many branches come off section 1
1 branch
What is the name of the branch off of section 1 of the axillary artery
superior thoracic artery
How many branches come off of section 2 of the axillary artery
2 branches
What are the two branches off the 2nd section of the axillary artery
thoracroacomial artery
lateral thoracic artery
How many branches come off of the 3rd section of the axillary arter
3
What are the three branches of the 3rd section of the axillary artery
subscapular
anterior circumflex artery
posterior circumflex artery
The subscapular branch of the 3rd section of the axillary artery has how many branches
2
What are the two branches of the subscapular branch off the 3rd section of the axillary artery
circumflex scapular
thoracodorsal artery
Where on the body is the first part of the axillary artery located
from the clavicle to the start of pec minor
Where on the body is the second part of the axillary artery located
underneath the pectoralis minor
Where on the body is the third part of the axillary artery located
after pectoralis minor
How are cords of the brachial plexus named
according to their relationship to the axillary artery
What is the order in which brachial plexus is made
anterior rami of spinal cords form the roots
roots form the trunks
trunks form the divisions
divisions become the branches
Where do radial and axillary nerves originate from
posterior cord of brachial plexus
What will upper and lower subscapular nerves innervate
Upper: subscapularis
Lower: teres major
Where will radiculopathies of the brachial plexus occur
before the roots of the brachial plexus
What causes Erb’s palsy
injury to C5-C6 root
What causes Klumpke palsy
C8-T1
What causes carpal tunnel
compression of the median nerve
What structure should you look for to identify the cords of the brachial plexus
The M near axial artery
What is contained within the roots of the brachial plexus
single spinal cord level
What will trunks of the brachial plexus give rise
anterior and posterior divisions
Where will all posterior divisions of the brachial plexus converge
posterior cord
What is contained within major branches of the brachial plexus
more than one spinal cord level
How are spinal cord levels distributed thorughout the body
branches off the brachial plexus
What is a dermatome
skin innervated by spinal level
What is a myotome
proximal to distal and compartments
