The Blood and Heart Flashcards
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What is blood made up of?
- Plasma
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
Describe plasma.
Pale golden liquid
What is plasma made up of?
- 90% of water
- 7% proteins (antibodies and clotting proteins)
- 3% dissolved materials
What is the role of plasma?
- To transport dissolved materials such as glucose, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, salts, carbon, dioxide, urea and hormones
- Carries hormones
What is serum?
Plasma without clotting proteins
Where is red blood cells made?
In the marrow of bones of ribs, breastbone, long bones of arms and legs, vertebrae
Describe their size/shape.
Round and small
What do red blood cells contain that allow them to carry oxygen?
Haemoglobin
When damaged, how long do they live for and where are they broken down?
- They live for 4 months
- Broken down in the liver and spleen
Where is the iron from the haemoglobin stored?
Liver
What happens to rest of the broken down blood cells?
Converted to bile pigments
What is the role of red blood cells?
To carry transport oxygen
Where are white blood cells made?
Bone marrow
What is the shape of white blood cells?
They have no definite shape
What is the role of white blood cells?
They defend and fight against infection.
How do phagocytes fight infection?
- They attack bacteria
- Surrounds and digests them
- Produce antibodies
What is the role of platelets?
- To clot blood
- Reduce loss of blood
- Prevent entry of micro-organisms
What are the functions of blood?
- Transports food, waste products, hormones
- Maintains constant body temperature
- Transport of oxygen
- Defend against disease
Name four blood groups.
- A
- B
- O
- AB
Blood groups can be:
Rhesus positive or rhesus negative
Do red blood cells have nuclei?
-They have one when first made but they lose it within a couple of days
What shape are red blood cells?
Biconcave shape
Do red blood cells have mitochondria?
Nope
What does closed circulatory system mean?
-Means that blood is always in blood vessels
Why is the closed circulatory systems more efficient?
- Blood can be pumped faster, oxygen can get to cells faster
- Blood flow to different organs can be increased or decreased
What does the closed circulatory system consists of?
- Heart
- Blood
- Blood vessels
Where do lymphocytes mature?
-In the lymphatic system
What % of the blood is white blood cells?
-25%
Do arteries have narrow or large lumen?
Narrow lumen
What do valves in blood vessels prevent?
Prevent backflow of blood
What do capillaries do?
- Connect arteries to veins
- Allows exchange of materials
