The Blood and Heart

Question 1

What is blood made up of?

Answer 1

• Plasma
• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Platelets

Question 2

Describe plasma.

Answer 2

Pale golden liquid

Question 3

What is plasma made up of?

Answer 3

• 90% of water
• 7% proteins (antibodies and clotting proteins)
• 3% dissolved materials

Question 4

What is the role of plasma?

Answer 4

• To transport dissolved materials such as glucose, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, salts, carbon, dioxide, urea and hormones
• Carries hormones

Question 5

What is serum?

Answer 5

Plasma without clotting proteins

Question 6

Where is red blood cells made?

Answer 6

In the marrow of bones of ribs, breastbone, long bones of arms and legs, vertebrae

Question 7

Describe their size/shape.

Answer 7

Round and small

Question 8

What do red blood cells contain that allow them to carry oxygen?

Answer 8

Haemoglobin

Question 9

When damaged, how long do they live for and where are they broken down?

Answer 9

• They live for 4 months

- Broken down in the liver and spleen

Question 10

Where is the iron from the haemoglobin stored?

Answer 10

Liver

Question 11

What happens to rest of the broken down blood cells?

Answer 11

Converted to bile pigments

Question 12

What is the role of red blood cells?

Answer 12

To carry transport oxygen

Question 13

Where are white blood cells made?

Answer 13

Bone marrow

Question 14

What is the shape of white blood cells?

Answer 14

They have no definite shape

Question 15

What is the role of white blood cells?

Answer 15

They defend and fight against infection.

Question 16

How do phagocytes fight infection?

Answer 16

• They attack bacteria
• Surrounds and digests them
• Produce antibodies

Question 17

What is the role of platelets?

Answer 17

• To clot blood
• Reduce loss of blood
• Prevent entry of micro-organisms

Question 18

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 18

• Transports food, waste products, hormones
• Maintains constant body temperature
• Transport of oxygen
• Defend against disease

Question 19

Name four blood groups.

Answer 19

• A
• B
• O
• AB

Question 20

Blood groups can be:

Answer 20

Rhesus positive or rhesus negative

Question 21

Do red blood cells have nuclei?

Answer 21

-They have one when first made but they lose it within a couple of days

Question 22

What shape are red blood cells?

Answer 22

Biconcave shape

Question 23

Do red blood cells have mitochondria?

Answer 23

Nope

Question 24

What does closed circulatory system mean?

Answer 24

-Means that blood is always in blood vessels

Question 25

Why is the closed circulatory systems more efficient?

Answer 25

• Blood can be pumped faster, oxygen can get to cells faster

- Blood flow to different organs can be increased or decreased

Question 26

What does the closed circulatory system consists of?

Answer 26

• Heart
• Blood
• Blood vessels

Question 27

Where do lymphocytes mature?

Answer 27

-In the lymphatic system

Question 28

What % of the blood is white blood cells?

Answer 28

-25%

Question 29

Do arteries have narrow or large lumen?

Answer 29

Narrow lumen

Question 30

What do valves in blood vessels prevent?

Answer 30

Prevent backflow of blood

Question 31

What do capillaries do?

Answer 31

• Connect arteries to veins

- Allows exchange of materials