Structure of Flowering Plants Flashcards
What are the two main types of flowering plants?
- Monocotyledons
- Dicotyledons
Name functions of the roots.
- anchors plant
- absorbs water
- absorbs minerals
- transport absorbed minerals into shoot
- stores food, eg carrots
Name the two root types.
- Tap roots
- Fibrous roots
Describe a tap root.
One main root growing from the radicle- carrot
Describe a fibrous root.
Many equal sized roots arising from stem base- grass
Name the four root zones.
- Protection zone
- Meristematic zone
- Elongation zone
- Differentiation zone
What is the protection zone?
A root cap that protects the cells as the root pushes through the soil.
What is the meristematic zone?
New cells are produced by mitosis in this part.
What is a meristem?
Is a plant tissue capable of mitosis.
What is the elongation zone?
Cells increase in size here.
What is the differentiation zone?
Here cells develop into three different types of tissues.
Name the three tissues that cells can develop into in the differentiation zone.
-Dermal tissues
-Ground tissues
Vascular tissues
What are herbaceous plants?
Are plants that do not contain wood/lignin
What is a node?
Is the point on a stem at which a leaf is attached
What is an internode?
Is a region on a stem between two nodes
What is a bud?
Is a potential growth point that may develop into a shoot, a leaf or a flower
What is a lentical?
An opening on a stem for gas exchange
What are the functions of stems?
- Support aerial parts of the plant
- Transport water and minerals from roots to leaves and flowers
- Transport food made in leaves to roots
- May store food
What do the veins in leaves contain?
Vascular tissue
What are the functions of leaves?
- Make food (photosynthesis)
- gas exchange
- Transpiration
- Stores food
What is venation?
The pattern of veins in a leaf
Describe parallel venation.
Veins that run alongside each other- monocots, eg grasses, daffodils
Describe net/reticulate venation.
Branching network
Dicots- eg. horse chestnut
What is the function of flowers?
Sexual reproduction
Name three types of plant tissues.
- Dermal
- Ground
- Vascular tissue
Describe dermal tissue.
- Covering layer
- Main function is protection
- Other functions– root hairs (designed to absorb water and minerals)
- Epidermis (coated with waxy cuticle- prevent water loss)
Describe ground tissue.
- Found between dermal and vascular tissues
- Carries out a range of functions:
- Photosynthesis
- Storage of food and wastes
- Strength and support
Name two types of vascular tissue.
- Xylem
- Phloem
What is the function of vascular tissue.
To transport tissue.
What is the function of xylem?
- Mechanical support
- Transports water
- Transports minerals
What is the function of phloem?
Transports food.
What is xylem structure made up of?
- Two types of cell
- Xylem tracheids
- Xylem vessels
Describe xylem tracheids.
- On maturity is dead, hollow and contains no cytoplasm.
- Are more primitive than vessels
- Only type of xylem found in conifers (pine trees)
Describe xylem vessels.
- On maturity is dead, hollow and contains no cytoplasm.
- Wider than tracheids
- Continuous tube
- More efficient at transporting water than tracheids
- Found in flowering plants
Describe phloem.
- Walls are made of cellulose- no lignin
- Sieve tube
- Transport food
- Companion cells
- Have a nucleus and dense cytoplasm.
- Control the activities of the sieve tube elemetns
How many cotyledons are in monocotyledons?
One.
How many cotyledons are in dicotyledons?
Two.
Leaf venation in monocots?
Parallel
Leaf venation in dicots?
Netted
Monocots are almost all….
Herbaceous
Dicots may be….
Herbaceous or woody
Monocots have _ flower parts.
In threes.
Dicots have _ flower parts.
In fours and fives.
Arrangement of vascular bundles in the stem in: monocots
Scattered in the stem
Arrangement of vascular bundles in the stem in: dicots
In a ring pattern
Give an example of a monocot.
Grass
Give an example of a dicot.
Buttercup
