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Biology LC > Structure of Flowering Plants > Flashcards

Structure of Flowering Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main types of flowering plants?

A
  • Monocotyledons

- Dicotyledons

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2
Q

Name functions of the roots.

A
  • anchors plant
  • absorbs water
  • absorbs minerals
  • transport absorbed minerals into shoot
  • stores food, eg carrots
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3
Q

Name the two root types.

A
  • Tap roots

- Fibrous roots

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4
Q

Describe a tap root.

A

One main root growing from the radicle- carrot

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5
Q

Describe a fibrous root.

A

Many equal sized roots arising from stem base- grass

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6
Q

Name the four root zones.

A
  • Protection zone
  • Meristematic zone
  • Elongation zone
  • Differentiation zone
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7
Q

What is the protection zone?

A

A root cap that protects the cells as the root pushes through the soil.

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8
Q

What is the meristematic zone?

A

New cells are produced by mitosis in this part.

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9
Q

What is a meristem?

A

Is a plant tissue capable of mitosis.

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10
Q

What is the elongation zone?

A

Cells increase in size here.

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11
Q

What is the differentiation zone?

A

Here cells develop into three different types of tissues.

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12
Q

Name the three tissues that cells can develop into in the differentiation zone.

A

-Dermal tissues
-Ground tissues
Vascular tissues

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13
Q

What are herbaceous plants?

A

Are plants that do not contain wood/lignin

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14
Q

What is a node?

A

Is the point on a stem at which a leaf is attached

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15
Q

What is an internode?

A

Is a region on a stem between two nodes

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16
Q

What is a bud?

A

Is a potential growth point that may develop into a shoot, a leaf or a flower

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17
Q

What is a lentical?

A

An opening on a stem for gas exchange

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18
Q

What are the functions of stems?

A
  • Support aerial parts of the plant
  • Transport water and minerals from roots to leaves and flowers
  • Transport food made in leaves to roots
  • May store food
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19
Q

What do the veins in leaves contain?

A

Vascular tissue

20
Q

What are the functions of leaves?

A
  • Make food (photosynthesis)
  • gas exchange
  • Transpiration
  • Stores food
21
Q

What is venation?

A

The pattern of veins in a leaf

22
Q

Describe parallel venation.

A

Veins that run alongside each other- monocots, eg grasses, daffodils

23
Q

Describe net/reticulate venation.

A

Branching network

Dicots- eg. horse chestnut

24
Q

What is the function of flowers?

A

Sexual reproduction

25
Q

Name three types of plant tissues.

A
  • Dermal
  • Ground
  • Vascular tissue
26
Q

Describe dermal tissue.

A
  • Covering layer
  • Main function is protection
  • Other functions– root hairs (designed to absorb water and minerals)
  • Epidermis (coated with waxy cuticle- prevent water loss)
27
Q

Describe ground tissue.

A
  • Found between dermal and vascular tissues
  • Carries out a range of functions:
  • Photosynthesis
  • Storage of food and wastes
  • Strength and support
28
Q

Name two types of vascular tissue.

A
  • Xylem

- Phloem

29
Q

What is the function of vascular tissue.

A

To transport tissue.

30
Q

What is the function of xylem?

A
  • Mechanical support
  • Transports water
  • Transports minerals
31
Q

What is the function of phloem?

A

Transports food.

32
Q

What is xylem structure made up of?

A
  • Two types of cell
  • Xylem tracheids
  • Xylem vessels
33
Q

Describe xylem tracheids.

A
  • On maturity is dead, hollow and contains no cytoplasm.
  • Are more primitive than vessels
  • Only type of xylem found in conifers (pine trees)
34
Q

Describe xylem vessels.

A
  • On maturity is dead, hollow and contains no cytoplasm.
  • Wider than tracheids
  • Continuous tube
  • More efficient at transporting water than tracheids
  • Found in flowering plants
35
Q

Describe phloem.

A
  • Walls are made of cellulose- no lignin
  • Sieve tube
  • Transport food
  • Companion cells
  • Have a nucleus and dense cytoplasm.
  • Control the activities of the sieve tube elemetns
36
Q

How many cotyledons are in monocotyledons?

A

One.

37
Q

How many cotyledons are in dicotyledons?

A

Two.

38
Q

Leaf venation in monocots?

A

Parallel

39
Q

Leaf venation in dicots?

A

Netted

40
Q

Monocots are almost all….

A

Herbaceous

41
Q

Dicots may be….

A

Herbaceous or woody

42
Q

Monocots have _ flower parts.

A

In threes.

43
Q

Dicots have _ flower parts.

A

In fours and fives.

44
Q

Arrangement of vascular bundles in the stem in: monocots

A

Scattered in the stem

45
Q

Arrangement of vascular bundles in the stem in: dicots

A

In a ring pattern

46
Q

Give an example of a monocot.

A

Grass

47
Q

Give an example of a dicot.

A

Buttercup

Biology LC (28 decks)

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