Cell Diversity Flashcards
What is tissue?
A tissue is a group of similar cells that are modified (or adapted) to carry out the same function(s)
What are the characteristics of tissue?
- Different types of tissues have different structures
- A simple tissue has only one cell type
- Complex tissue has more than one cell type
Name four types of plant tissue
- Dermal
- Vascular
- Ground
- Meristematic
What is dermal tissue?
- Surrounds different parts of a plant
- eg. epidermis
What is epidermis?
Found as a covering on leaves, stems and roots.
Slightly thickened cell wall
Function is to protect the plant
Sometimes has a water proof covering called a cuticle on the outer surface
What is vascular tissue?
Transports materials around the plant
Complex tissue because it consists of two cell types, xylem and phloem.
What is xylem?
Hollow tubes with openings called pits
The tubes run up from the roots, through the stem and into the leaves
Function- to transport water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant
Second function is to provide support
What is phloem?
Tube-like structures found in leaves, stem and roots
Function- to transport food from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
Name four types of animal tissue.
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscular
- Nervous
What is connective tissue?
Cells are spread out in a matrix that is produced by connective cells
Connective tissue joins and supports other body structures
Eg. Cartilage, bone and blood
Why is blood considered a connective tissue?
Because it consists of red blood cells, white cells and platelets suspended in a matrix called plasma
What is nervous tissue?
Composed of nerve cells called neurons
Neurons are adapted to carry electrical impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord
What is tissue culture?
The growth of cells in or on a sterile nutrient artificial medium outside the body
What does in vitro mean?
Outside the body
Name two applications of tissue culture?
Micropropagation
Growth of skin
What is micropropagation?
Growth of a large number of plants from the cells of a parent plant
Produces genetically identical plants
What does the growth of skin used for?
A Patient’s skin can be grown outside the body
New skin is grafted onto the wound.
What is an organ?
An organ is made of a number of tissues working together to carry out one or more functions.
Examples of plant organs
Root, stem and leaf
Examples of animal organs
Brain, liver and heart
What is an organ system?
A group of organs working together to carry out one or more functions
Name two animal organ systems
Circulatory system
Digestive system
How are mutlicellular living things organised?
Cell=tissues=organs=organ systems= organism
Name two advantages of tissue culture in plants.
- The timing of development can be controlled
- Rare plants can be reproduced easily
- Enormous numbers of offspring can be produced.
Name two disadvantages of tissue culture in plants.
- All offspring are susceptible to the same diseases and pests
- Increases rate of transmission of said diseases
- Long-term micropropagation can lead to plants becoming sterile.
Name some applications of tissue culture in animals.
- The culture of skin tissues to help repair burn injuries
- The growth of bone tissue used in reconstructive surgery
- The culturing of organs which will not lead to patient rejection after transplant.
