Cell Diversity

Question 1

What is tissue?

Answer 1

A tissue is a group of similar cells that are modified (or adapted) to carry out the same function(s)

Question 2

What are the characteristics of tissue?

Answer 2

• Different types of tissues have different structures
• A simple tissue has only one cell type
• Complex tissue has more than one cell type

Question 3

Name four types of plant tissue

Answer 3

• Dermal
• Vascular
• Ground
• Meristematic

Question 4

What is dermal tissue?

Answer 4

• Surrounds different parts of a plant

- eg. epidermis

Question 5

What is epidermis?

Answer 5

Found as a covering on leaves, stems and roots.

Slightly thickened cell wall

Function is to protect the plant

Sometimes has a water proof covering called a cuticle on the outer surface

Question 6

What is vascular tissue?

Answer 6

Transports materials around the plant

Complex tissue because it consists of two cell types, xylem and phloem.

Question 7

What is xylem?

Answer 7

Hollow tubes with openings called pits

The tubes run up from the roots, through the stem and into the leaves

Function- to transport water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant

Second function is to provide support

Question 8

What is phloem?

Answer 8

Tube-like structures found in leaves, stem and roots

Function- to transport food from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Question 9

Name four types of animal tissue.

Answer 9

• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscular
• Nervous

Question 10

What is connective tissue?

Answer 10

Cells are spread out in a matrix that is produced by connective cells

Connective tissue joins and supports other body structures

Eg. Cartilage, bone and blood

Question 11

Why is blood considered a connective tissue?

Answer 11

Because it consists of red blood cells, white cells and platelets suspended in a matrix called plasma

Question 12

What is nervous tissue?

Answer 12

Composed of nerve cells called neurons

Neurons are adapted to carry electrical impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord

Question 13

What is tissue culture?

Answer 13

The growth of cells in or on a sterile nutrient artificial medium outside the body

Question 14

What does in vitro mean?

Answer 14

Outside the body

Question 15

Name two applications of tissue culture?

Answer 15

Micropropagation

Growth of skin

Question 16

What is micropropagation?

Answer 16

Growth of a large number of plants from the cells of a parent plant

Produces genetically identical plants

Question 17

What does the growth of skin used for?

Answer 17

A Patient’s skin can be grown outside the body

New skin is grafted onto the wound.

Question 18

What is an organ?

Answer 18

An organ is made of a number of tissues working together to carry out one or more functions.

Question 19

Examples of plant organs

Answer 19

Root, stem and leaf

Question 20

Examples of animal organs

Answer 20

Brain, liver and heart

Question 21

What is an organ system?

Answer 21

A group of organs working together to carry out one or more functions

Question 22

Name two animal organ systems

Answer 22

Circulatory system

Digestive system

Question 23

How are mutlicellular living things organised?

Answer 23

Cell=tissues=organs=organ systems= organism

Question 24

Name two advantages of tissue culture in plants.

Answer 24

• The timing of development can be controlled
• Rare plants can be reproduced easily
• Enormous numbers of offspring can be produced.

Question 25

Name two disadvantages of tissue culture in plants.

Answer 25

• All offspring are susceptible to the same diseases and pests
• Increases rate of transmission of said diseases
• Long-term micropropagation can lead to plants becoming sterile.

Question 26

Name some applications of tissue culture in animals.

Answer 26

• The culture of skin tissues to help repair burn injuries
• The growth of bone tissue used in reconstructive surgery
• The culturing of organs which will not lead to patient rejection after transplant.