The Biology of Controlling Fertility Flashcards
What do women show leading to fertility?
Cyclical fertility.
How long are women fertile?
A few days every menstrual cycle.
When are men fertile?
Constantly.
What changes occur in the female body after ovulation?
The body temperature rises by around 0.5 degrees and cervical mucus becomes thin and watery.
How do fertility drugs work on female fertility?
They can prevent the negative feedback effect of oestrogen on FSH secretion or other ovulatory drugs mimic the action of FSH and. LH
What can be the result of using drugs to increase fertility?
It can result in super ovulation that can result in multiple births or be used to collect ova for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) programmes.
How is semen collected for artificial insemination?
Several samples are collected over a period time.
When is artificial insemination particularly useful?
When the male has a low sperm count.
Where does sperm come from if a partner is sterile?
A donor.
What can be the cause of female infertility?
Failure to ovulate, which is usually the result of a hormone imbalance.
What is artificial insemination?
A treatment in which semen is inserted into the female reproductive tract without intercourse having taken place.
What are the stages of IVF?
- Hormone stimulation
- The removal of eggs from ovaries
- Mixing of egg with sperm to achieve fertilisation
- Incubation of zygotes
- Uterine implantation
When is Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) used?
When mature sperm is low in numbers or is defective.
What happens during ICSI?
The head of a sperm is drawn into a needle and injected into the egg to achieve fertilisation.
What is Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis?
It is used in conjunction with IVF to identify single-gene disorders and chromosome abnormalities.
