Metabolic Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

What are metabolic pathways?

A

Integrated and controlled pathways of enzyme-catalysed reactions within a cell.

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2
Q

What are the types of reactions within metabolic pathways?

A

Anabolic and catabolic

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3
Q

What is the function of anabolic pathways?

A

They build up large molecules from small molecules and they require energy.

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4
Q

What is the function of catabolic pathways?

A

To break down large molecules into smaller molecules and release energy.

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5
Q

How are metabolic pathways controlled?

A

By the presence or absence of particular enzymes and the regulation of the rate of reaction of key enzymes.

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6
Q

How does induced fit occur?

A

When the active site changes shape to better fit the substrate after it binds.

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7
Q

How are the end-products allowed to leave the active site?

A

The end-product has a low affinity for the active site.

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8
Q

What are the factors affecting enzyme activity?

A
  • Temperature
  • pH
  • Substrate concentration
  • Enzyme concentration
  • Inhibitors
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9
Q

What effect does increasing the substrate concentrations have on the enzyme activity?

A

It increases the activity to a point as more active sites become occupied.

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10
Q

What is the limiting factor when substrate concentration is increased?

A

The enzyme concentration.

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11
Q

What effect does increasing the enzyme concentration have on enzyme activity?

A

The activity increases until the enzyme concentration is large.

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12
Q

When is substrate concentration the limiting factor?

A

When the concentration of enzymes is increased.

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13
Q

Why are some metabolic reactions reversible?

A

Because the presence of a substrate or the removal of a product will drive a sequence of reactions in a particular direction.

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14
Q

How do competitive inhibitors prevent the substrate from binding to the active site?

A

By binding at the active site themselves.

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15
Q

How can competitive inhibition be reversed?

A

By increasing the substrate concentration.

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16
Q

How do non-competitive inhibitors prevent the substrate from binding to the active site?

A

By binding away from the active site but changing the shape of the active site.

17
Q

When does feedback inhibition occur?

A

When the end-product in the metabolic pathway reaches a critical concentration.

18
Q

How does end-product inhibition work?

A

The end-product inhibits an earlier enzyme, blocking the pathway, and so prevents further synthesis of the end-product.

19
Q

What is an inhibitor?

A

A substance which slows down the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction.