The Berlin Conference 1884-5: Before

Question 1

What happened in January 1871?

Answer 1

Unification of Germany and therefore, they became the new powerhouse of Europe

Question 2

When was Germany unified?

Answer 2

January 1871

Question 3

Why was Germany a favourable location in Europe?

Answer 3

Huge supply of natural resources

Favourable geographical location

Question 4

What happened to France in 1871?

Answer 4

Although defeated by Germany, they recovered quickly and transformed their armed forces with a determination to assert its ‘rightful place’ in the world

Question 5

When did France transform their armed forces with a determination to assert its ‘rightful place’ in the world?

Answer 5

After defeat by Germany in 1871

Question 6

What country after defeat by Germany in 1871, strived to transform their armed forces with a determination to assert its ‘rightful place’ in the world?

Answer 6

France

Question 7

What did Russia do by 1884?

Answer 7

It had taken its empire to the border of Afghanistan

Question 8

When had Russia taken its empire to the border of Afghanistan?

Answer 8

1884

Question 9

Who had taken its empire to the border of Afghanistan by 1884?

Answer 9

Russia

Question 10

What was the downfall of the Russian empire?

Answer 10

Less industrially advanced

Question 11

How did the building of Russian railways (Trans-Caspian railway) affect Britain?

Answer 11

Feared that this could carry an army to challenge Britains position in India

Question 12

Why did the British fear that the Russians could challenge the British position in India?

Answer 12

Building of Russian railways (Trans-Siberian and Trans-Caspian railway) and they feared that this could carry an army to challenge Britains position in India

Question 13

When was the issue of Germanys naval power no longer acute?

Answer 13

Last decade of the century (1890s)

Question 14

Why was the growing naval power of other countries (E.g. France, Germany and Russia) an issue for British?

Answer 14

Gave them the power to explore areas (E.g. Asia and Africa) where previously Britain had no competition

Question 15

What did the French do in the 1860s?

Answer 15

Establish a foothold in Indo-China and began to push north

Question 16

Who began to establish a foothold in Indo-China in the 1860s and began to push north?

Answer 16

France

Question 17

When did France establish a foothold in Indio-China and began to push north?

Answer 17

1860s

Question 18

What were the Germans seeking in Asia?

Answer 18

Commercial (trading) concessions (rights)

Question 19

When did work on the Trans-Siberian railway begin?

Answer 19

March 1891

Question 20

What began in March 1891?

Answer 20

Work on Trans-Siberian Railway

Question 21

What happened in January 1874?

Answer 21

British annexation of Malaya in response to French activity in Indo-China

Question 22

When did the British annex Malaya?

Answer 22

January 1874

Question 23

Who annexed Malaya in January 1874?

Answer 23

Britain

Question 24

Why did Britain annex Malaya in January 1874?

Answer 24

In response to French activity in Indo-China

Question 25

How did the British respond to French action in Indo-China?

Answer 25

January 1874- British annexation of Malaya November 1881- Britain took Sarawak, North Borneo 1885- British took over Brunei Winter 1885- British took control of Upper Burma

Question 26

What was the impact of British annexation of Malaya in January 1874?

Answer 26

Extending British influence beyond its existing base in Singapore

Question 27

What extended British influence beyond its existing bases in Singapore?

Answer 27

Annexation of Malaya in January 1874

Question 28

When did the British establish bases in Singapore?

Answer 28

1819

Question 29

What did the British establish in 1819?

Answer 29

Bases in Singapore

Question 30

What happened in November 1881?

Answer 30

Britain took Sarawak, North Borneo (Chartered company)

Question 31

When did Britain take Sarawak, North Borneo?

Answer 31

November 1881

Question 32

What happened to Brunei in 1885?

Answer 32

British took over

Question 33

What happened in winter 1885?

Answer 33

British took control of Upper Burma

Question 34

When did the British take control of upper Burma?

Answer 34

Winter 1885

Question 35

What happened to Upper Burma in winter 1885?

Answer 35

British took control

Question 36

When did the British take over Brunei?

Answer 36

1885

Question 37

What happened in 1885?

Answer 37

British took over Brunei

Question 38

What left Thailand as a buffer between Britain and rival European zones?

Answer 38

January 1874- British annexation of Malaya November 1881- Britain took Sarawak, North Borneo 1885- British took over Brunei Winter 1885- British took control of Upper Burma

Question 39

What was the impact of: January 1874- British annexation of Malaya November 1881- Britain took Sarawak, North Borneo 1885- British took over Brunei Winter 1885- British took control of Upper Burma

Answer 39

Left Thailand as a buffer between Britain and rival European zones

Question 40

What increased interest for Africa?

Answer 40

The Great Depressions impact on industrialised countries of Europe. This encouraged interest in Africa as there was the possibility to find markets of manufactured goods and raw materials

Question 41

What was the impact of the Great Depression on industrialising European countries?

Answer 41

This encouraged interest in Africa as there was the possibility to find markets of manufactured goods and raw materials

Question 42

When did the French become more active in Africa?

Answer 42

1880s

Question 43

What countries began to be more active in Africa in the 1880s?

Answer 43

France | Germany (Began making annexations from 1884 in the South-west and western regions)

Question 44

What did Germany do from 1884?

Answer 44

Germans began making annexations in the south-west and western regions

Question 45

When did Germany make annexations in the south-west and western regions?

Answer 45

From 1884

Question 46

Why was the Colony of Natal (on the cape colony north-eastern border) added in 1843?

Answer 46

Strengthen British influence in the Indian Ocean, therefore, protecting route to India and Australia

Question 47

When was Lagos annexed?

Answer 47

August 1861

Question 48

What happened in August 1861?

Answer 48

Lagos was annexed

Question 49

Before 1880, where did Britain have no colonies?

Answer 49

North and East Africa

Question 50

Before 1880s, what trade agreement did Britain have with a country in the east?

Answer 50

Trade agreement with the Sultan of Zanzibar was the extent of any British presence

Question 51

What happened to the cape colony in 1872?

Answer 51

Granted self governing dominion status

Question 52

When was the Cape Colony granted self governing dominion status?

Answer 52

1872

Question 53

What was granted self governing dominion status in 1872?

Answer 53

Cape colony

Question 54

What did Livingstone say was the only way to liberate Africans?

Answer 54

‘Commerce, Christianity and Civilisation’

Question 55

Who said the only way to civilise Africa was to ‘Commerce, Christianity and Civilisation’?

Answer 55

Livingstone

Question 56

What did an 1865 parliamentary select committee recommend?

Answer 56

Withdrawal from West African settlements on the ground of cost

Question 57

When was there the withdrawal from West African settlements on the ground of cost?

Answer 57

1865 parliamentary select committee

Question 58

What was the impact of American and European protective tariffs?

Answer 58

Meant that they couldn’t flood these areas with British manufactured goods

Question 59

Why was there a 'swing to the east' ?

Answer 59

Loss of US and Canada