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Key Topic 1: The Governance And Administration of the Empire > Men On The Spot: Evelyn Baring > Flashcards

Men On The Spot: Evelyn Baring Flashcards

1
Q

What did he become in September 1883?

A

Baring became the Consul-general in Egypt

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2
Q

When did Baring become the Consul-general in Egypt?

A

September 1883

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3
Q

What role did Baring have between September 1883 and May 1907?

A

Consul-General of Egypt

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4
Q

When was Baring the Consul-General of Egypt?

A

September 1883 to May 1907

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5
Q

What did Baring say to explain the foundation of imperialism?

A

‘The code of Christian morality is the only sure foundation on which the whole of our vast Imperial fabric can be built if it is to be durable’

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6
Q

Why did Baring become the Consul-General?

A

Protect British investors

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7
Q

What was the doctrine that Baring had used?

A

Granville doctrine

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8
Q

Who was the Granville Doctrine named after?

A

Foreign secretary, Lord Granville

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9
Q

What was the impact of the Granville doctrine?

A

Allowed Baring to dismiss Egyptian ministers who refused to accept British directives

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10
Q

What allowed Baring to dismiss Egyptian ministers who refused to accept British directives?

A

Granville Doctrine

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11
Q

What happened to key ministries under Baring?

A

He placed British officials in those positions

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12
Q

What did Baring create??

A

Veiled protectorate in which British officials held the actual power

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13
Q

Why did the veiled protectorate work for 10 years?

A

Tewfiq (ruler) was weak and willing to abdicate governmental responsibility

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14
Q

What was the impact of Tewfiq (ruler) being weak and willing to abdicate governmental responsibility?

A

Veiled Protectorate was able to work for 10 years

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15
Q

How did Baring view the Egyptian army?

A

Untrustworthy, as they had mutinied against the Khedive

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16
Q

How did Baring deal with the Egyptian army as he saw them as untrustworthy?

A

Disbanded and a new army was created that was similar to that created by the British in India

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17
Q

What projects did Baring promote?

A

Irrigation

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18
Q

Who died in January 1892?

A

Tewfik Pasha died

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19
Q

When did Tewfiq Pasha die?

A

January 1892

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20
Q

Who replaced Tewfiq after he died in January 1892?

A

Abbas Hilmi II

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21
Q

How did Abbas Hilmi II come to power?

A

Tewfiq died in January 1892

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22
Q

What was the impact of Abbas Hilmi II coming to power after the death of Tewfiq in January 1892?

A

Abbas Hilmi II was an ambitious Khedive who wanted to throw off British rule. He encouraged nationalist movement

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23
Q

What was the name of the leader who inspired nationalist movements after the death of Tewfiq in January 1892?

A

Abbas Hilmi II

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24
Q

How did Baring deal with Abbas Hilmi II, who was inspiring nationalist movements?

A

Baring bullied Abbas Hilmi II into submission

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25
Q

When did Baring think that British control would end in Egypt?

A

Once the Egyptian people had learned self-governance

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26
Q

What religious conflict did Baring think was occurring in Egypt?

A

Civilised Christians and Islam

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27
Q

How did Baring view Islam?

A

Outdated Arabian customs that were important to modern Egypt

28
Q

How did Baring react to slavery?

A

Stop the slave supply in Egypt
Discourage slave-ownership in Egypt
Abolish forced labour
Outlaw punishment by use of the kurbash (leather whip)

29
Q

What form of punishment was banned?

A

Use of Kurbash (leather whips )

30
Q

What happened to the Kurbash (leather whip) under Baring?

A

Outlawed

31
Q

What import was halted by establishing a Camel Corps to patrol Egypt’s borders?

A

Hashish (drug)

32
Q

What happened to Hashish under Baring?

A

The import of these substances was halted by establishing Camel Corps to patrol Egypt’s borders

33
Q

What happened to Alcohol under Baring?

A

The sale licences were regulated

34
Q

What happened to gambling houses under Baring?

A

Closed

35
Q

What did he establish to stop local money lending and extortion?

A

Establishing the National Bank and Post Office Savings Bank

36
Q

What was the impact of establishing the National Bank and Post Office Savings Bank?

A

To stop local money lending and extortion

37
Q

When did Baring resign?

A

May 1907

38
Q

What happened in May 1907?

A

Baring resigned

39
Q

Why did Baring resign in May 1907?

A

After the controversy following the flogging and hanging of locals at Denshawai in 1906

40
Q

What was the impact of the flogging and hanging of locals at Denshawai in 1906?

A

Baring was forced to resign

41
Q

Following the liberal government that came into power in December 1905 under Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, what happened to imperial policy in Egypt?

A

They took a more lenient policy towards Egypt

42
Q

Why did the British government take a more lenient policy towards Egypt after December 1905?

A

Liberal government that came into power under Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman

43
Q

What happened in July 1907?

A

Parliament awarded Baring £50,000 in recognition of his ‘eminent services’ in Egypt

44
Q

When did Parliament award Baring £50,000 in recognition of his ‘eminent services’ in Egypt?

A

July 1907

45
Q

In July 1907, how much did Parliament give Baring in reward for his ‘eminent services’ in Egypt?

A

£50,000

46
Q

After returning to England, what did Baring do?

A

Became the president of Men’s League for Opposing Women’s suffrage.

47
Q

What did he publish in 1908?

A

Modern Egypt, that narrated the events in Egypt and the Sudan since 1876

48
Q

When did Baring publish Modern Egypt, that narrated the events in Egypt and the Sudan since 1876?

A

1908

49
Q

What did Baring publish in 1910?

A

Ancient and Modern Imperialism (comparison of the British and Roman Empires)

50
Q

When did Baring release Ancient and Modern Imperialism (comparison of the British and Roman Empires)?

A

1910

51
Q

What was the impact of making Egypt a veiled protectorate?

A

This shows that Gladstone had engaged in acts of imperial expansion

52
Q

What showed that Gladstone was engaging in acts of imperial expansion?

A

The veiled protectorate

Installing Baring as Consul-General

53
Q

How much debt had Khedive Isma’il (1830-95) accrue?

A

£70 million

54
Q

What leader accrued £70 million?

A

Khedive Isma’il

55
Q

What did Baring deal with the £70 million debt accrued by Khedive Isma’il?

A

Cutback to Egypts military and bureaucracy
Improved economy through improving communications and irrigation
Improved conditions for labourers and introduced between sanitation and health services in towns

56
Q

Who did the irrigation system in Egypt?

A

British engineers, some of whom had worked on similar schemes in India

57
Q

Within 10 years, what happened to the export off cotton and sugar?

A

Trebled

58
Q

Within 10 years, what substances exports trebled?

A

Cotton and sugar

59
Q

Within 10 years, what happened to the population?

A

Increased from seven to ten million

60
Q

What happened to tourism under Baring?

A

Increased to the extent that Thomas Cook and Son became Egypt’s largest employer

61
Q

What organisation had become Egypts largest employer?

A

Thomas Cook & Son (Providing hotels, houseboats and excursions)

62
Q

What was popular in 1900?

A

For wealthy Britons to ‘winter’ in Egypt

63
Q

When did it become popular for wealth Britons to ‘winter’ in Egypt?

A

1900

64
Q

What did Britons find attractive about Egypt?

A

Climate

Ancient treasure - pyramids, biblical sites, Cairos citadel built by Saladin during the Crusades

65
Q

Who were the military personnel that supervised army?

A

British

66
Q

What was veiled protectorates?

A

British governors rule effectively from behind the scenes of native ministers, aided by British administrators.

Key Topic 1: The Governance And Administration of the Empire (38 decks)

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