the autonomic nervous system Flashcards
what system, autonomic or somatic is consciously aware?
somatic systems.
what does the autonomic sensory system monitor?
internal conditions - blood gases, viscera operations etc.
what does the autonomic motor control/modulate activity of?
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands.
where do somatic motor neurons travel to and from?
from spinal cord to skeletal muscle.
autonomic motor systems include 2 motor neurons what are they?
the preganglionic neuron from the CNS synapses with the postganglionic neuron.
the postganglionic neuron ends on the effector organ.
what are the opposite effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
sympathetic stimulates heart rate and parasympathetic slows it down.
sympathetic division is also known as …
thoracolumbar division.
where do preganglionic cells synapse with postganglionic cells?
the sympathetic trunk ganglia.
where do you find sympathetic trunk ganglia?
vertical rows on either side of vertebral column.
what does the prevertebral ganglia include?
Anterior to vertebral column… incudes celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglions.
organs below diaphragm
parasympathetic is also called…
craniosacral division.
Main differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
sympathetic divisions in the middle of vertebral column.
parasympathetic divisions at top medulla nuclei and bottom spinal cords (sacral nerves).
where do parasympathetic divisions synapse?
terminal ganglia.
where are the neurotransmitter - acetylecholine found?
All preganglionic fibre terminals,
parasympathetic postganglionic terminals,
a few post ganglionic sympathetic terminals.
have short lived effects.
where are norepinephrine neurotransmitters found?
most postganglionic sympathetic terminals.
longer effects.
amplified by adrenal release with epinephrine.
What regulates the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic ‘tone’?
The hypothalamus.
The autonomic nervous system is only sympathetic to?
sweat glands, arrestor pilli muscles, kidneys, spleen, blood vessels, and adrenal medulla.
List the sympathetic affects from the. ANS
Fight or flight activites…
-dilation of pupils
-Increases Heart Rate, force of heart contraction & Blood Pressure
-Dilation of airways
-Constricts blood vessels to non-essential organs: kidneys, GI tract
-Dilates blood vessels to muscles, cardiac muscle, liver & adipose tissue
-Mobilises nutrients: glucose & fats
List the parasympathetic effects of the ANS.
SLUDDD
Salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defaecation,
decreases - pupil diameter, heart rate, airway diameter.
