Axial Skeleton 21 Flashcards
What are the 2 divisions of the skeletal system?
Axial & appendicular.
How many bones are around the body axis and give examples (axial division)?
80 bones, including head, hyoid, ribs, sternum & vertebrae.
How many bones are there of upper & lower limbs plus girdles that connect them (appendicular division)?
126 bones; pectoral and pelvic
What bone structures make up the axial division?
Skull- cranial, facial
Hyoid,
Thorax - sternum ribs
Vertebral Column.
How many cranial (brain) bones are there?
Eight.
Cranial bones protect the brain, name them (draw diagram).
Frontal,
2 parietal,
2 temporal,
occipital,
sphenoid,
ethmoid
How many facial bones are there?
Fourteen.
List the types of facial bones (draw diagram).
2 nasal,
2 maxillae,
2 zygomatic,
mandible,
2 lacrimae,
2 palatine,
2 inferior nasal conchae,
the vomer.
What are the immoveable joints between skull bones called?
Sutures.
What are the four sutures called?
Coronal, sagittal, lambdoidal, squamous.
Where are paranasal sinuses-cavities located?
Located in bones near nasal cavity. Mucous membranes, resonating chambers.
Describe the fontanelle.
Soft spot in foetal skull. Allows deformation at birth. Calcifies to form sutures (intramembranous ossification)
Describe functions of vertebral column.
Encloses spinal cord, supports head.
Vertebral column is the point of attachment for…
muscles of back, ribs and pelvic girdle.
Name the vertebral column bones.
7 cervical vertebrae,
12 thoracic,
5 lumbar,
1 sacral - 5 bones fused
1 coccyx - 3/4 bones fused.
How many bones found in an embryos vertebral column?
33.
How many bones found in an adults vertebral column?
26.
How many curves are found in a vertebral column?
Four.
Relative to the front, what curves are convex (round out the way)?
Cervical & lumbar.
Relative to the front, which curves are concave (round in the way)?
thoracic & sacral.
What point of attachment does not have a curve in the vertebral column?
Coccyx.
How many curves does a foetus’ vertebral column include?
One.
What is the hole created by the vertebral arch & the body called?
Vertebral foramen.
How many processes are involved in structure of vertebrae?
Seven.
What are the processes involved in structure of vertebrae?
Transverse process = 2
spinous process = 1
2 of each superior & inferior articular processes =4
What part of the body is the thorax associated with?
The chest.
What is included in the thoracic cage?
sternum, costal/rib cartilages, ribs and bodies of T1-T12 vertebrae.
What are the names of the 3 bones fused together to form the sternum (by 25)?
Manubrium (top part),
body (middle part), xiphoid process (narrow bottom part)
How many pairs of ribs are there?
12 pairs.
What are the different names for the numbers of ribs?
1-7 = true ribs
8-12= flase ribs
11-12= floating ribs.
