Axial Skeleton 21

Question 1

What are the 2 divisions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Axial & appendicular.

Question 2

How many bones are around the body axis and give examples (axial division)?

Answer 2

80 bones, including head, hyoid, ribs, sternum & vertebrae.

Question 3

How many bones are there of upper & lower limbs plus girdles that connect them (appendicular division)?

Answer 3

126 bones; pectoral and pelvic

Question 4

What bone structures make up the axial division?

Answer 4

Skull- cranial, facial
Hyoid,
Thorax - sternum ribs
Vertebral Column.

Question 5

How many cranial (brain) bones are there?

Answer 5

Eight.

Question 6

Cranial bones protect the brain, name them (draw diagram).

Answer 6

Frontal,
2 parietal,
2 temporal,
occipital,
sphenoid,
ethmoid

Question 7

How many facial bones are there?

Answer 7

Fourteen.

Question 8

List the types of facial bones (draw diagram).

Answer 8

2 nasal,
2 maxillae,
2 zygomatic,
mandible,
2 lacrimae,
2 palatine,
2 inferior nasal conchae,
the vomer.

Question 9

What are the immoveable joints between skull bones called?

Answer 9

Sutures.

Question 10

What are the four sutures called?

Answer 10

Coronal, sagittal, lambdoidal, squamous.

Question 11

Where are paranasal sinuses-cavities located?

Answer 11

Located in bones near nasal cavity. Mucous membranes, resonating chambers.

Question 12

Describe the fontanelle.

Answer 12

Soft spot in foetal skull. Allows deformation at birth. Calcifies to form sutures (intramembranous ossification)

Question 13

Describe functions of vertebral column.

Answer 13

Encloses spinal cord, supports head.

Question 14

Vertebral column is the point of attachment for…

Answer 14

muscles of back, ribs and pelvic girdle.

Question 15

Name the vertebral column bones.

Answer 15

7 cervical vertebrae,
12 thoracic,
5 lumbar,
1 sacral - 5 bones fused
1 coccyx - 3/4 bones fused.

Question 16

How many bones found in an embryos vertebral column?

Answer 16

33.

Question 17

How many bones found in an adults vertebral column?

Answer 17

26.

Question 18

How many curves are found in a vertebral column?

Answer 18

Four.

Question 19

Relative to the front, what curves are convex (round out the way)?

Answer 19

Cervical & lumbar.

Question 20

Relative to the front, which curves are concave (round in the way)?

Answer 20

thoracic & sacral.

Question 21

What point of attachment does not have a curve in the vertebral column?

Answer 21

Coccyx.

Question 22

How many curves does a foetus’ vertebral column include?

Answer 22

One.

Question 23

What is the hole created by the vertebral arch & the body called?

Answer 23

Vertebral foramen.

Question 24

How many processes are involved in structure of vertebrae?

Answer 24

Seven.

Question 25

What are the processes involved in structure of vertebrae?

Answer 25

Transverse process = 2
spinous process = 1
2 of each superior & inferior articular processes =4

Question 26

What part of the body is the thorax associated with?

Answer 26

The chest.

Question 27

What is included in the thoracic cage?

Answer 27

sternum, costal/rib cartilages, ribs and bodies of T1-T12 vertebrae.

Question 28

What are the names of the 3 bones fused together to form the sternum (by 25)?

Answer 28

Manubrium (top part),
body (middle part), xiphoid process (narrow bottom part)

Question 29

How many pairs of ribs are there?

Answer 29

12 pairs.

Question 30

What are the different names for the numbers of ribs?

Answer 30

1-7 = true ribs
8-12= flase ribs
11-12= floating ribs.