Cell structure and function 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in al structures of a cell?

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm; cytosol & organelles, nucleus.

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2
Q

The plasma (cell) membrane contains…

A

a phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, proteins, attached carbohydrates.

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3
Q

what colour is cholesterol in the body?

A

yellow.

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4
Q

What are the different functions of the cell membrane? (write down)

A
  • Acts as a barrier between in & outside of cell.
  • Controls what materials enter cell (transportation)
  • Receives chemical & mechanical signals
  • transmits signals between intra and extra cellular spaces
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5
Q

What is the term for body fluid between cells?

A

Interstitial.

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6
Q

What is the term for body fluid in blood vessels?

A

Plasma.

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7
Q

What is the term for body fluid in lymphatic vessels?

A

Lymphatic.

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8
Q

Describe the term solvent.

A

A solvent does the dissolving (water in cells)

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9
Q

Describe the term solute.

A

A solute is the material dissolved.

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10
Q

Describe the term concentration.

A

Concentration is the amount of solute (dissolved material) in a given amount of solvent.

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11
Q

Describe the term concentration gradient.

A

The difference in concentration between two areas of solution.

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12
Q

List the 5 different membrane transport mechanisms.

A

simple diffusion,
facilitated diffusion,
osmosis,
active transport,
transport in vesicles.

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13
Q

What is another term for ‘diffusion’?

A

Passive transport.

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14
Q

If ions are charged during diffusion, what must they go through?

A

Specialised ion channels that can open and shut = gated channels.

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15
Q

Does simple diffusion require a concentration gradient of solute?

A

Yes.

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16
Q

Where does simple diffusion do the dissolving?

A

The lipid membrane. (O2, CO2, lipid soluble vitamins).

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17
Q

What is required in the membrane during facilitated diffusion?

A

A carrier.

18
Q

Does facilitated diffusion only go up or down the concentration gradient?

A

Down.

19
Q

What is a term for maximum speed?

A

Saturates.

20
Q

During facilitated diffusion, what is maximum speed dependant on?

A

The carrier number.

21
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water, must have semi permeable membrane.

22
Q

What 2 things does active transport require?

A

a carrier & energy (ATP).

23
Q

Does active transport, transport up or down a concentration gradient?

A

Up.

24
Q

Active transport is critical for moving important ____?

A

Ions.

25
Q

There is a pump of sodium Na+ and potassium K+ in what type of membrane transport?

A

Active transport.

26
Q

What does transport in vesicles require?

A

Energy (ATP).

27
Q

Transport in vesicles involves endocytosis & exocytosis, explain these terms.

A

Endocytosis imports material & exocytosis exports materials.

28
Q

Explain what the cytoplasm is.

A

Contains cell contents, includes organelles and cytosol, excludes nucleus.

29
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell.

A

Maintains cell shape, locates and transports organelles, ability to change cell shape.

30
Q

What organelles does the cytoskeleton contain?

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules.

31
Q

centrosome contains…

A

centriole & pericentriolar material.

32
Q

Describe the cilia.

A

Always in groups, found in respiratory system, moves mucous.

33
Q

What type of synthesis are ribosomes the site of?

A

Protein synthesis.

34
Q

What are ribosomes made up of?

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) & ribosomal proteins.

35
Q

Where are ribosomes found?

A

Attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytosol.

36
Q

What is the function of the Golgi complex?

A

To modify and package proteins. e g lipoproteins and glycoproteins. Some are packaged into vesicles.

37
Q

What do lysosomes contain?

A

Digestive enzymes.

38
Q

Where is the abundance of peroxisomes and what is their function?

A

Abundant in the liver. Oxidise for detoxification.

39
Q

What is the function of proteosomes?

A

To digest proteins.

40
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Produces energy (ATP), oxygen is consumed and nutrients are oxidised.

41
Q
A