Cell structure and function 3 Flashcards
What is included in al structures of a cell?
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm; cytosol & organelles, nucleus.
The plasma (cell) membrane contains…
a phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, proteins, attached carbohydrates.
what colour is cholesterol in the body?
yellow.
What are the different functions of the cell membrane? (write down)
- Acts as a barrier between in & outside of cell.
- Controls what materials enter cell (transportation)
- Receives chemical & mechanical signals
- transmits signals between intra and extra cellular spaces
What is the term for body fluid between cells?
Interstitial.
What is the term for body fluid in blood vessels?
Plasma.
What is the term for body fluid in lymphatic vessels?
Lymphatic.
Describe the term solvent.
A solvent does the dissolving (water in cells)
Describe the term solute.
A solute is the material dissolved.
Describe the term concentration.
Concentration is the amount of solute (dissolved material) in a given amount of solvent.
Describe the term concentration gradient.
The difference in concentration between two areas of solution.
List the 5 different membrane transport mechanisms.
simple diffusion,
facilitated diffusion,
osmosis,
active transport,
transport in vesicles.
What is another term for ‘diffusion’?
Passive transport.
If ions are charged during diffusion, what must they go through?
Specialised ion channels that can open and shut = gated channels.
Does simple diffusion require a concentration gradient of solute?
Yes.
Where does simple diffusion do the dissolving?
The lipid membrane. (O2, CO2, lipid soluble vitamins).
What is required in the membrane during facilitated diffusion?
A carrier.
Does facilitated diffusion only go up or down the concentration gradient?
Down.
What is a term for maximum speed?
Saturates.
During facilitated diffusion, what is maximum speed dependant on?
The carrier number.
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water, must have semi permeable membrane.
What 2 things does active transport require?
a carrier & energy (ATP).
Does active transport, transport up or down a concentration gradient?
Up.
Active transport is critical for moving important ____?
Ions.
There is a pump of sodium Na+ and potassium K+ in what type of membrane transport?
Active transport.
What does transport in vesicles require?
Energy (ATP).
Transport in vesicles involves endocytosis & exocytosis, explain these terms.
Endocytosis imports material & exocytosis exports materials.
Explain what the cytoplasm is.
Contains cell contents, includes organelles and cytosol, excludes nucleus.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell.
Maintains cell shape, locates and transports organelles, ability to change cell shape.
What organelles does the cytoskeleton contain?
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules.
centrosome contains…
centriole & pericentriolar material.
Describe the cilia.
Always in groups, found in respiratory system, moves mucous.
What type of synthesis are ribosomes the site of?
Protein synthesis.
What are ribosomes made up of?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) & ribosomal proteins.
Where are ribosomes found?
Attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytosol.
What is the function of the Golgi complex?
To modify and package proteins. e g lipoproteins and glycoproteins. Some are packaged into vesicles.
What do lysosomes contain?
Digestive enzymes.
Where is the abundance of peroxisomes and what is their function?
Abundant in the liver. Oxidise for detoxification.
What is the function of proteosomes?
To digest proteins.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Produces energy (ATP), oxygen is consumed and nutrients are oxidised.
